Question 1: Define homeostasis and explain its importance in maintaining body temperature.

Answer: Homeostasis is the process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment, including temperature, to ensure proper functioning of cells and organs.

Question 2: Describe the role of sweat glands in cooling the body when overheated.

Answer: Sweat glands release sweat onto the skin surface; as the sweat evaporates, it removes heat from the body, cooling it down.

Question 3: What is vasodilation, and how does it help in reducing body temperature?

Answer: Vasodilation is the widening of blood vessels near the skin surface, which increases blood flow and allows more heat to be released from the body.

Question 4: Calculate the amount of heat (in Joules) lost if 0.5 liters of water at 37°C evaporates completely from the skin, assuming the heat of vaporization of water is 2260 J/g. (Note: 1 liter of water has a mass of 1000 g).

Answer: Heat lost = mass of water (g) x heat of vaporization (J/g) = 500 g x 2260 J/g = 1,130,000 Joules

Question 5: Identify the independent and dependent variables in an experiment that measures the effect of exercise on body temperature.

Answer: Independent variable: Level of exercise; Dependent variable: Body temperature.

Question 6: In a practical experiment, why is it important to control variables such as clothing and environment when measuring body temperature?

Answer: Controlling variables ensures that any changes in body temperature are due to the experimental factor and not other external influences, leading to accurate and reliable results.

Question 7: Explain how blood vessels help maintain body temperature during exposure to cold environments.

Answer: Blood vessels undergo vasoconstriction, narrowing to reduce blood flow near the skin, which minimizes heat loss and helps keep the body's core temperature stable.

Question 8: What is the significance of a set point in body temperature regulation?

Answer: The set point is the ideal body temperature (around 37°C) that the body's regulatory systems aim to maintain through various mechanisms.

Question 9: Describe a real-world application where understanding body temperature regulation is crucial.

Answer: In medical settings, understanding body temperature regulation is vital for managing fevers, hypothermia, and hyperthermia. For example, cooling blankets are used to reduce dangerously high body temperatures during heatstroke.

Question 10: Multiple Choice: Which of the following processes primarily helps the body cool down when overheated?

Answer: Vasodilation

Question 11: Fill in the blank: When your body temperature rises, sweat glands are stimulated to produce ____________, which helps cool the body through evaporation.

Answer: sweat