Question 1: Define blood glucose level and explain why it needs to be regulated.

Answer: Blood glucose level is the amount of glucose in the blood. It needs to be regulated to provide a steady supply of energy to cells and prevent health issues like hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.

Question 2: Describe the roles of insulin and glucagon in blood glucose control.

Answer: Insulin lowers blood glucose by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells and stimulating storage as glycogen. Glucagon raises blood glucose by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen into glucose in the liver.

Question 1: If a person has 90 grams of glucose in 5 liters of blood, what is their blood glucose level in mg/dL? (Note: 1 gram = 1000 mg)

Answer: Blood Glucose Level = (90,000 mg / 5,000 mL) × 100 = 1,800 mg/dL

Question 2: Calculate the amount of glucose (in grams) in the blood if the blood glucose level is 120 mg/dL and blood volume is 5 liters.

Answer: Total glucose = (Blood Glucose Level / 100) × Blood Volume in mL = (120 / 100) × 5000 mL = 6,000 mg = 6 grams

Question 1: Describe a simple experiment to test how a carbohydrate-rich meal affects blood glucose levels over time.

Answer: The experiment involves measuring fasting blood glucose levels, then having participants consume a carbohydrate-rich meal. Subsequent blood glucose measurements are taken at regular intervals (e.g., every 30 minutes) for 2 hours. Variables include type of carbohydrate, time, and individual differences. Safety precautions include ensuring sterile testing methods and monitoring participants for adverse effects.

Question 2: Identify the independent and dependent variables in the experiment described above.

Answer: Independent variable: Type of carbohydrate or time intervals. Dependent variable: Blood glucose level.

Question 1: A patient’s blood glucose level was measured at 70 mg/dL fasting, then increased to 140 mg/dL after eating a meal, and returned to 80 mg/dL after 2 hours. What does this data suggest about the patient’s blood glucose regulation?

Answer: The data suggests that the patient’s blood glucose levels rise after eating and are effectively brought back to normal (80 mg/dL) within 2 hours, indicating proper functioning of insulin and glucagon in maintaining homeostasis.

Question 2: If a person consistently shows blood glucose levels above 200 mg/dL after meals, what possible health issues might they face?

Answer: They may have diabetes mellitus or impaired insulin production or response, which can lead to high blood sugar levels and associated health complications.

Question 1: Explain how blood glucose monitoring devices are used by people with diabetes.

Answer: They allow individuals to measure their blood glucose levels quickly and accurately, helping them manage their diet, medication, and activity to maintain normal blood sugar levels.

Question 2: Discuss how advances in biotechnology could improve blood glucose regulation in the future.

Answer: Future advances may include continuous glucose monitoring systems, artificial pancreas devices that automatically regulate insulin, and gene therapy to improve insulin production. These technologies could enhance the quality of life for diabetics and reduce health risks.