Question 1: The endocrine system uses glands to secrete hormones that regulate various bodily functions such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction. These hormones travel through the bloodstream to target organs or tissues to produce specific responses.

Answer: The endocrine system uses glands to produce hormones that travel in the blood to regulate functions like growth and metabolism.

Question 2: Name two major glands involved in the endocrine system and one hormone each produces.

Answer: The pituitary gland (produces growth hormone), the thyroid gland (produces thyroxine).

Question 1: Explain how negative feedback mechanisms regulate hormone levels in the endocrine system.

Answer: Negative feedback reduces hormone secretion when levels are high, maintaining homeostasis by stopping further hormone release.

Question 2: Describe the role of the pancreas in regulating blood sugar levels.

Answer: The pancreas secretes insulin to lower blood sugar when levels are high and glucagon to raise it when low.

Question 1: Calculate the rate of hormone secretion if a gland releases 150 micrograms of hormone in 30 minutes. Provide your answer in micrograms per minute.

Answer: 5 micrograms per minute

Question 1: Describe a simple experiment to measure the effect of a hormone on plant growth, including the variables involved and safety precautions.

Answer: Set up two identical plant pots, apply the hormone to one, leave the other as control. Independent variable: hormone application. Dependent variable: plant growth. Control variables: soil, water, light. Safety precautions: wear gloves when handling hormones, dispose of chemicals properly.

Question 1: A study measured the blood levels of adrenaline in 10 individuals before and after exercise. The average level before exercise was 0.3 mg/L, and after exercise, it increased to an average of 0.9 mg/L. Explain what this data suggests about adrenaline's role during exercise.

Answer: The data shows adrenaline levels increase during exercise, indicating it helps prepare the body for physical activity by increasing heart rate and energy supply.

Question 1: Describe the hormonal regulation involved in maintaining blood glucose levels after a meal. Include the roles of insulin and glucagon in your answer.

Answer: After a meal, blood glucose rises, prompting the pancreas to secrete insulin, which promotes glucose uptake by cells and storage as glycogen, lowering blood sugar. Between meals, blood glucose drops, triggering glucagon secretion, which stimulates glycogen breakdown to release glucose into the blood, maintaining homeostasis.

Question 1: Explain how insulin therapy helps people with diabetes manage their condition and the importance of maintaining proper hormone levels.

Answer: Insulin therapy provides the hormone externally to regulate blood sugar levels, preventing complications. Proper hormone levels are vital to avoid hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia, ensuring normal bodily functions.