Question 1: Define the endocrine system and explain its main function in the human body.

Answer: The endocrine system is a network of glands that produce and secrete hormones to regulate bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

Question 2: Name three major endocrine glands involved in hormonal regulation.

Answer: Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands.

Question 3: Describe how hormones act as chemical messengers in the body.

Answer: Hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and travel to target organs or cells, where they bind to specific receptors to trigger a response.

Question 1: If a gland secretes 150 micrograms of hormone per hour, how much hormone is secreted in 24 hours? (Show your calculation).

Answer: 3600 micrograms. Calculation: 150 micrograms/hour × 24 hours = 3600 micrograms.

Question 2: A hormone concentration in blood is measured at 50 ng/mL. If the normal range is between 40-60 ng/mL, is this concentration within the normal range? Explain.

Answer: Yes, 50 ng/mL is within the normal range of 40-60 ng/mL.

Question 1: Design a simple experiment to test the effect of temperature on hormone secretion from a gland. Include variables and safety precautions.

Answer: An experiment could involve incubating gland samples at different temperatures and measuring hormone levels using appropriate assays. Independent variable: temperature; dependent variable: hormone secretion; control variables: sample size, incubation time. Safety precautions include handling biological samples with gloves and sterilized equipment.

Question 2: Identify the key variables in an experiment testing the effect of stress on adrenaline hormone levels.

Answer: Independent variable: level of stress; dependent variable: adrenaline levels; controlled variables: age of subjects, time of day, environment.

Question 1: A study reports that athletes have higher levels of adrenaline during competition compared to resting conditions. Explain how this relates to the endocrine system's role in the 'fight or flight' response.

Answer: Higher adrenaline levels prepare the body for rapid action by increasing heart rate, blood flow, and energy availability, demonstrating the endocrine system's role in the 'fight or flight' response.

Question 1: Explain how knowledge of the endocrine system can be used in developing artificial hormone therapies for medical treatment.

Answer: Understanding hormone pathways and regulation allows scientists to create synthetic hormones to treat conditions like hypothyroidism or diabetes, improving patient health.

Question 2: Describe an example of how engineering can assist in monitoring hormone levels in athletes or patients.

Answer: Engineering can develop biosensors that detect hormone levels in real-time through blood or saliva samples, providing immediate feedback for medical or athletic performance management.

Question 3: Can machines be designed to replace the endocrine system entirely? (Select one)

Answer: