Question 1: Define the term 'hormone'.

Answer: A chemical substance produced by glands that regulates physiological processes.

Question 2: Name two major endocrine glands involved in regulating blood sugar levels.

Answer: Pancreas and liver.

Question 3: Explain how the endocrine system differs from the nervous system in controlling body functions.

Answer: The endocrine system uses hormones to regulate processes over a longer period, providing slower but sustained responses, whereas the nervous system uses electrical signals for rapid, short-term control.

Question 1: If the concentration of insulin in the blood is 15 micro units per milliliter (μU/mL), how many micro units are present in 2 liters of blood? (Note: 1 mL = 0.001 L)

Answer: 30,000 μU

Question 1: Describe a simple experiment to test the effect of thyroid hormones on metabolic rate in a laboratory setting. Include the variables involved and safety precautions.

Answer: Students could measure metabolic rate by monitoring oxygen consumption before and after administering thyroid hormone. Independent variable: hormone presence; dependent variable: metabolic rate; safety precautions include handling chemicals carefully, wearing protective gear, and proper waste disposal.

Question 1: A patient has a blood insulin level consistently below normal. Describe the possible effects on blood sugar levels and overall health.

Answer: Low insulin levels can lead to high blood sugar (hyperglycemia), increasing the risk of diabetes and associated health problems.

Question 1: Multiple Choice: Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood?

Answer: Parathyroid hormone

Question 2: Fill in the Blank: The gland that produces insulin is the __________.

Answer: pancreas

Question 3: Explain how hormonal imbalances can lead to diseases such as diabetes or thyroid problems. (6 marks)

Answer: Hormonal imbalances occur when glands produce too much or too little hormones. In diabetes, insufficient insulin results in high blood sugar. Thyroid problems, like hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, result from too little or too much thyroid hormone, affecting metabolism, growth, and energy levels.