Question 1: Briefly explain what the endocrine system is and its primary function in the body.

Answer: The endocrine system is a network of glands that produce hormones to regulate various bodily functions and maintain homeostasis.

Question 1: Name three major endocrine glands and specify one hormone produced by each.

Answer: Pituitary gland - Growth hormone; Thyroid gland - Thyroxine; Adrenal glands - Adrenaline.

Question 2: Explain how hormones transported via the bloodstream can affect cells that are far from their gland of origin.

Answer: Hormones travel through the bloodstream and bind to specific receptors on target cells, triggering a response even if the cell is distant from the gland.

Question 3: Fill in the blank: The process by which hormones influence target cells is called __________.

Answer: hormonal regulation

Question 1: Describe how negative feedback helps regulate hormone levels in the body.

Answer: Negative feedback reduces hormone production when levels are high, maintaining balance, and increases production when levels are low.

Question 2: Multiple Choice: Which hormone is primarily involved in regulating blood sugar levels?

Answer:

Question 1: Design a simple experiment to investigate the effect of a hormone (e.g., insulin) on blood sugar levels. Mention the variables involved and safety precautions.

Answer: An experiment could involve measuring blood sugar levels before and after administering insulin to a suitable test subject. Variables include the amount of insulin (independent variable) and blood sugar level (dependent variable). Controlled variables are diet and activity. Safety precautions include using sterile equipment, monitoring for adverse reactions, and ensuring proper handling of biological samples.

Question 2: Scenario: Data shows that levels of thyroid hormone increase in response to cold temperatures. Explain how this relates to the body's attempt to maintain homeostasis.

Answer: The increase in thyroid hormone boosts metabolic activity, generating more heat to help maintain a stable body temperature, demonstrating a feedback response to cold.

Question 1: Describe how hormone therapy is used to treat thyroid disorders.

Answer: Hormone therapy involves administering synthetic thyroid hormones to compensate for underactive thyroid glands (hypothyroidism) or regulating excess hormone production in overactive thyroid conditions.

Question 2: Explain the importance of hormonal regulation in day-to-day life, providing an example related to stress or growth.

Answer: Hormonal regulation is essential for adapting to daily changes and maintaining health. For example, during stress, adrenaline is released to prepare the body for 'fight or flight.' Similarly, growth hormone regulates physical development during childhood and adolescence.