Question 1: Explain in your own words what drug discovery involves and why it is important in fighting infections.

Answer: Drug discovery involves identifying and developing new medicines to treat or prevent diseases. It is important because it helps find effective treatments for infections and reduces health risks.

Question 1: What is the primary way that antibiotics help fight bacterial infections?

Answer: They kill bacteria or stop their growth by targeting bacterial cell processes without harming human cells.

Question 2: Fill in the blank: Vaccines stimulate the immune system to recognize and fight specific pathogens by introducing a __________ of the pathogen.

Answer: weakened or inactive form

Question 1: A researcher tests a drug concentration of 10 mg/mL. How much drug is in a 250 mL solution?

Answer: 2,500 mg

Question 1: Describe a basic experiment to test the effectiveness of a new antibiotic against bacteria. Include variables and safety precautions.

Answer: The experiment involves applying the antibiotic to bacterial cultures and observing growth. The independent variable is the concentration of the antibiotic; the dependent variable is bacterial growth. Controls include cultures without antibiotics. Safety precautions include wearing gloves, sterilizing equipment, and disposing of cultures properly.

Question 1: A study shows that a new drug reduces infection symptoms in 80% of patients. In a sample of 50 patients, how many experienced relief from symptoms?

Answer: 40 patients

Question 1: Explain how the development of new antibiotics can help combat antibiotic resistance.

Answer: Developing new antibiotics provides alternative treatments when bacteria become resistant to existing drugs. It helps prevent the spread of resistant strains and ensures effective treatment options remain available.

Question 1: What modern technology is commonly used to identify potential drug compounds quickly?

Answer: High-throughput screening and computer-aided drug design.