Question 1: Define 'ethics' in the context of medical science.

Answer: Ethics refers to moral principles that govern the conduct of medical research and treatment, ensuring safety, consent, and fairness.

Question 2: Describe one ethical concern associated with the use of monoclonal antibodies in treatment.

Answer: One concern is the potential for exploitation of donors or patients without fully informed consent.

Question 3: Explain why cost can be an ethical issue in the production of monoclonal antibodies.

Answer: High costs may limit access to treatment for patients in low-income regions, raising issues of fairness and equity.

Question 4: Calculate the amount of monoclonal antibody solution needed if a patient's dose is 100 mg and the concentration of the solution is 10 mg/ml. Show your working.

Answer: Volume (ml) = Dose (mg) / Concentration (mg/ml) = 100 mg / 10 mg/ml = 10 ml

Question 5: Identify one variable that could be controlled in an experiment testing the effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies.

Answer: The concentration of monoclonal antibodies used in each treatment group.

Question 6: A study shows that monoclonal antibody treatments are less effective in elderly patients compared to younger patients. Suggest one ethical consideration when applying these findings in clinical practice.

Answer: Clinicians must consider the fairness of providing different treatments based on age, ensuring that elderly patients are not discriminated against, and weigh the benefits and risks of treatment options for different age groups.

Question 7: Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a primary ethical concern in the production of monoclonal antibodies?

Answer: All of the above

Question 8: Fill in the blank: Ethical approval for research involving monoclonal antibodies requires informed __________ from participants.

Answer: consent

Question 9: Discuss how the principle of justice applies to the distribution of monoclonal antibody treatments.

Answer: The principle of justice requires that treatment benefits and resources are distributed fairly across different populations, ensuring equitable access regardless of socioeconomic status, location, or other factors, to prevent discrimination and inequality.

Question 10: Explain one potential ethical dilemma faced by pharmaceutical companies in the development of monoclonal antibody therapies.

Answer: Balancing profit motives with the obligation to make treatments affordable and accessible to all patients.