Question 1: Define the cornea and describe its primary function in the eye.

Answer: The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber; its primary function is to refract light entering the eye to help focus images on the retina.

Question 2: Explain how the iris controls the amount of light reaching the retina.

Answer: The iris adjusts the size of the pupil to regulate the amount of light entering the eye; it contracts in bright light and dilates in dim light.

Question 1: If the focal length of the cornea is 2.5 mm, calculate its focal power in diopters (D). Use the formula: Power (D) = 1000 / Focal Length (mm).

Answer: 400 diopters

Question 1: Design a simple experiment to test how increased exposure to UV radiation, due to climate change, might affect the eye's cornea. Include the variables involved and safety precautions.

Answer: Possible answer: An experiment could involve exposing samples of corneal tissue or synthetic models to varying levels of UV radiation in a controlled environment, measuring any changes in tissue damage or properties. Variables include UV exposure level (independent variable), tissue condition (dependent variable), and exposure duration (controlled variable). Safety precautions include wearing UV-protective gear, minimizing direct UV exposure to skin and eyes, and ensuring proper disposal of UV sources.

Question 1: A study reports that in regions experiencing increased UV radiation due to climate change, there has been a 25% rise in cases of corneal damage among outdoor workers over 10 years. What does this data suggest about the relationship between climate change and eye health?

Answer: The data suggests that increased UV radiation from climate change is linked to higher incidences of corneal damage, highlighting the importance of eye protection in affected regions.

Question 1: Describe how climate change might influence the need for protective eye wear in outdoor environments. (4 marks)

Answer: Climate change leads to increased UV radiation exposure due to thinner ozone layers and more intense sunlight. As a result, outdoor workers and the general public may need to wear protective sunglasses or goggles that block UV rays to prevent eye damage and maintain eye health.

Question 1: Identify a technological innovation used in sunglasses to combat increased UV exposure due to climate change. Explain how it works.

Answer: Polarized lenses with UV-protective coatings block harmful ultraviolet rays from reaching the eyes, reducing the risk of damage caused by increased UV levels.