Question 1: Define a synapse in the context of the nervous system.

Answer: A synapse is a junction between two neurons where nerve signals are transmitted from one neuron to another.

Question 2: Describe the role of neurotransmitters at a synapse.

Answer: Neurotransmitters are chemicals released from the presynaptic neuron that carry the nerve impulse across the synaptic cleft to the postsynaptic neuron.

Question 3: Explain what happens to neurotransmitters after they have transmitted a nerve impulse.

Answer: Neurotransmitters are broken down by enzymes or reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron to terminate the signal.

Question 4: Calculate the speed of nerve impulse transmission if a signal travels 2 metres in 0.002 seconds.

Answer: Speed = Distance / Time = 2 m / 0.002 s = 1000 m/s

Question 5: Identify three factors that can influence the efficiency of synaptic transmission.

Answer: Amount of neurotransmitter released, receptor sensitivity, and presence of drugs or toxins affecting neurotransmitter activity.

Question 6: Describe a practical experiment to investigate the effect of a drug that blocks neurotransmitter release at synapses.

Answer: Students could set up a model or simulation where they compare nerve signal transmission in the presence and absence of the drug, discussing variables such as drug concentration, controls, safety precautions, and expected outcomes.

Question 7: Which of the following best describes the function of the synaptic cleft?

Answer: A gap that prevents the direct flow of nerve impulses

Question 8: Fill in the blank: The process of nerve transmission across a synapse involves the release of __________ from the presynaptic neuron.

Answer: neurotransmitters

Question 9: Explain how synapses contribute to the functioning of the nervous system in coordinating responses.

Answer: Synapses allow for the transmission of nerve signals between neurons, enabling the nervous system to process information and coordinate complex responses such as reflexes, voluntary movements, and sensory perceptions.

Question 10: In what ways can scientific advancements in understanding synapses impact medicine and technology?

Answer: Advances can lead to better treatments for neurological disorders, development of artificial synapses for neural interfaces, and improved drug therapies targeting synaptic function.