Question 1: Define transpiration and describe its primary function in plants.

Answer: Transpiration is the process by which water vapor is lost from the plant mainly through stomata in the leaves; its primary function is to facilitate water movement from roots to leaves and aid in nutrient transport and temperature regulation.

Question 2: Explain how the opening and closing of stomata regulate transpiration.

Answer: Stomata are tiny pores on leaf surfaces that open to allow gas exchange; when open, water vapor escapes, increasing transpiration. When closed, water loss decreases, helping the plant conserve water.

Question 3: Which environmental conditions increase the rate of transpiration? (Select all that apply)

Answer: ["High temperature","Low humidity","Windy conditions"]

Question 4: Fill in the blank: The main driving force for water movement from roots to leaves during transpiration is the ________ created by water evaporation.

Answer: tension

Question 5: Describe the pathway of water movement from the soil to the atmosphere in a plant.

Answer: Water enters the plant through the roots, travels upward via xylem vessels, reaches the leaves where it evaporates through stomata, and then escapes into the atmosphere as water vapor during transpiration.

Question 6: Calculate the transpiration rate if a plant loses 200 grams of water over 4 hours. Express your answer in grams per hour.

Answer: 50 grams per hour

Question 7: Identify three factors that could affect the accuracy of transpiration measurements in an experiment.

Answer: Environmental fluctuations (temperature, humidity), measurement errors, and variability in stomatal opening.

Question 8: Design a simple experiment to observe the effect of humidity on transpiration rate. List the variables involved and safety precautions.

Answer: Set up identical potted plants in environments with different humidity levels using controlled chambers. Independent variable: humidity level. Dependent variable: amount of water lost (measured by weighing). Control variables: same plant species, pot size, soil type, light exposure. Precautions include handling water and plants carefully, avoiding electrical hazards, and ensuring proper ventilation.

Question 9: Interpret the following scenario: A plant grown in a dry environment shows a lower rate of transpiration compared to the same type of plant in a humid environment. Explain why this occurs.

Answer: In dry environments, the air has low humidity, which reduces the water vapor gradient between the inside of the leaf and the atmosphere, leading to a decreased rate of transpiration. Conversely, in humid environments, high humidity reduces water vapor loss, but in this scenario, the plant may also close stomata to conserve water, further decreasing transpiration.

Question 10: Explain how understanding transpiration can benefit agricultural practices.

Answer: Knowing transpiration helps farmers optimize watering schedules, select appropriate plant varieties for different climates, and develop methods to reduce water loss, thereby improving crop yield and water management.

Question 11: Describe how technological advances, such as sensors, can be used to monitor transpiration in crops.

Answer: Sensors can measure variables like humidity, temperature, and stomatal conductance in real-time, providing data that helps optimize irrigation and monitor plant health, ultimately improving water efficiency in agriculture.