Question 1: Define transpiration and describe its role in plants.

Answer: Transpiration is the process by which water vapour is lost from plant leaves through small pores called stomata. It helps in cooling the plant, nutrient transport, and maintaining water flow from roots to leaves.

Question 2: Explain how stomata regulate transpiration in a plant.

Answer: Stomata are tiny pores on the leaf surface that open and close to regulate water loss and gas exchange, balancing the plant's need for CO2 intake with water conservation.

Question 1: A plant loses 0.5 grams of water over 2 hours through transpiration. Calculate the rate of transpiration in grams per hour.

Answer: 0.25 grams per hour

Question 2: If a plant's transpiration rate increases from 0.3 g/hr to 0.6 g/hr after a change in environmental conditions, by what percentage did the transpiration rate increase?

Answer: 100%

Question 1: Describe a simple experiment to measure the effect of humidity on transpiration rate. Include variables to control and safety precautions.

Answer: An experiment can involve placing identical potted plants in environments with different humidity levels. Measure the water lost over a set period using a sealed container with a capillary tube or weighing the pots. Control variables like temperature, light, and soil moisture. Ensure safety by handling water and electrical equipment carefully and avoiding spillage.

Question 1: A study recorded transpiration rates of three different plant species under identical environmental conditions. Species A: 1.2 g/hour, Species B: 0.8 g/hour, Species C: 1.5 g/hour. What can be inferred about the relative transpiration rates among these species?

Answer: Species C has the highest transpiration rate, followed by Species A, then Species B. This suggests species C transpires more water under the same conditions, possibly due to differences in stomatal density or leaf structure.

Question 1: Explain how understanding transpiration can help improve agricultural practices, especially in water-scarce regions.

Answer: Understanding transpiration helps farmers select plant varieties with lower water loss, optimise irrigation timing, and develop drought-resistant crops, thereby conserving water and improving crop yields in water-scarce areas.

Question 2: Multiple Choice: Which of the following factors would most likely increase the rate of transpiration?

Answer: C) Increased air movement over leaves