Question 1: Contraception refers to methods used to prevent pregnancy. These methods can be hormonal, barrier, or behavioral, each working through different mechanisms to prevent fertilization or implantation.

Answer: Contraception methods prevent pregnancy by stopping fertilization or implantation, including hormonal methods, barrier methods, and behavioral strategies.

Question 1: Define 'hormonal contraception' and name two common hormonal methods.

Answer: Hormonal contraception involves using hormones to prevent ovulation; common methods include the birth control pill and the patch.

Question 2: Explain how barrier methods of contraception work.

Answer: Barrier methods prevent sperm from reaching the egg by physically blocking it, such as using condoms or diaphragms.

Question 1: A study reports that a certain contraceptive method has a failure rate of 0.5% per year. Calculate the probability (in percentage) that 100 women using this method will become pregnant within a year.

Answer: 0.5%

Question 2: If 200 women use an intrauterine device (IUD) with a failure rate of 0.2% per year, how many are expected to become pregnant in one year?

Answer: 0.4 women

Question 1: Describe a safe and effective experiment to compare the effectiveness of two different barrier methods of contraception.

Answer: An experiment could involve testing the ability of each barrier method to block sperm in a laboratory setting using a model or simulation, ensuring variables such as material, size, and application are controlled. Safety precautions include using non-toxic, simulated sperm and proper disposal.

Question 2: Identify three variables that should be controlled in a study testing the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives.

Answer: Type of hormone used, dosage, and duration of use.

Question 1: A survey of 150 women using various contraceptive methods shows that 140 reported no pregnancies in a year. Of these, 100 used hormonal methods, 30 used barrier methods, and 10 used natural methods. Calculate the effectiveness rate for each method and interpret the results.

Answer: Hormonal methods: 100/100 = 100% effectiveness; Barrier methods: 30/30 = 100%; Natural methods: 10/10 = 100%. These high effectiveness rates suggest proper use, but real-world effectiveness may vary.

Question 1: Discuss how advancements in contraceptive technology can impact global population growth and family planning.

Answer: Advancements such as long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), hormonal implants, and male contraceptive options can improve access, convenience, and effectiveness, leading to better family planning, reduced unintended pregnancies, and potentially stabilizing or reducing global population growth.

Question 2: Which contraceptive method is considered most suitable for teenagers and why?

Answer: Condoms