Question 1: In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is a process where an egg is fertilized by sperm outside the human body. It is used to assist couples facing fertility challenges. Explain the basic steps involved in the IVF process.

Answer: The basic steps in IVF include stimulating the ovaries to produce multiple eggs, retrieving the eggs, fertilizing them with sperm in a laboratory setting, monitoring the fertilized embryos, and then transferring one or more embryos into the woman's uterus.

Question 1: Define In Vitro Fertilization (IVF).

Answer: IVF is a medical procedure in which fertilization occurs outside the human body, in a laboratory setting, to assist with conception.

Question 2: List two hormones used to stimulate the ovaries during IVF treatment.

Answer: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

Question 3: What is the purpose of fertilizing eggs outside the body in IVF?

Answer: To increase the chances of fertilization in cases where natural fertilization is difficult or unlikely.

Question 1: If a woman produces 15 eggs after ovarian stimulation, and 10 of these eggs are successfully fertilized in the lab, what is the fertilization rate as a percentage? (Use the formula: Fertilization Rate = (Number of fertilized eggs / Total eggs retrieved) × 100)

Answer: Fertilization Rate = (10 / 15) × 100 = 66.67%

Question 1: Identify three variables that could affect the success rate of an IVF procedure.

Answer: Quality of eggs and sperm, age of the woman, and laboratory conditions.

Question 2: Describe two safety precautions that should be observed during the handling of eggs and sperm in an IVF laboratory.

Answer: Using sterile equipment to prevent contamination and maintaining proper temperature conditions to preserve cell viability.

Question 1: In a study, out of 20 fertilized eggs, 15 successfully developed into embryos suitable for transfer. What percentage of fertilized eggs developed successfully? Show your calculation.

Answer: Successful development percentage = (15 / 20) × 100 = 75%

Question 1: Explain two ethical considerations related to the use of IVF technology.

Answer: Ethical considerations include the fate of unused embryos, which raises questions about embryo rights, and the accessibility of IVF, which can be limited by cost and availability, raising concerns about fairness.

Question 2: Describe how IVF technology has impacted the treatment options for couples facing infertility.

Answer: IVF has provided a viable option for couples with fertility issues, enabling them to conceive when natural methods have failed.