Question 1: Define In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and explain its primary purpose.

Answer: IVF is a reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized by sperm outside the body in a laboratory setting, primarily to assist couples experiencing infertility.

Question 2: Describe the main steps involved in the IVF process.

Answer: The main steps include ovarian stimulation, egg retrieval, fertilization in the laboratory, embryo culture, and embryo transfer into the uterus.

Question 3: Explain how IVF can help overcome issues related to infertility.

Answer: IVF allows fertilization to occur outside the body, bypassing issues such as blocked fallopian tubes or low sperm count, increasing the chances of pregnancy.

Question 1: If a single IVF cycle consumes approximately 2500 kWh of energy, and a renewable energy source like solar panels generates 300 kWh per month, how many months of solar energy are needed to support one IVF cycle?

Answer: 8.33 months

Question 2: Calculate the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions saved if an IVF clinic switches from traditional energy sources emitting 0.5 kg CO2 per kWh to solar energy, per cycle. (Use the energy consumption of 2500 kWh per cycle.)

Answer: 1250 kg CO2

Question 1: Describe a basic experiment to test the effectiveness of different light conditions on the growth of fertilized embryos in a laboratory setting.

Answer: Students should outline setting up controlled environments with varying light conditions, keeping other variables constant, and measuring embryo development success rates over time.

Question 2: Identify two ethical issues associated with IVF technology.

Answer: Ethical issues include the fate of unused embryos and the high cost making it inaccessible to some individuals.

Question 1: A clinic reports that their success rate per cycle is 40%. If they perform 50 cycles in a year, how many successful pregnancies can they expect?

Answer: 20 successful pregnancies

Question 2: Suppose a new technique reduces the energy consumption of IVF procedures by 20%. How does this impact the carbon footprint if the original energy use per cycle is 2500 kWh?

Answer: It reduces energy use to 2000 kWh per cycle, decreasing associated CO2 emissions proportionally.

Question 1: Discuss how renewable energy sources can be integrated into IVF laboratories to make reproductive technology more sustainable. Include potential benefits and challenges.

Answer: Students should mention using solar or wind energy to power IVF labs, reducing carbon footprint, and discuss challenges like energy storage, initial costs, and consistent energy supply.

Question 2: Explain the scientific principles behind using external energy sources in IVF procedures and how these principles relate to energy conservation and environmental sustainability.

Answer: Students should describe the role of energy in powering laboratory equipment, relate to principles of energy transfer and conservation, and emphasize the importance of renewable energy to reduce environmental impact.