Question 1: Define aerobic respiration and explain its importance in living organisms.

Answer: Aerobic respiration is a metabolic process in which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water. It is essential for producing the energy required for cellular functions.

Question 1: Describe the main stages of aerobic respiration.

Answer: The main stages are glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glucose is broken down in glycolysis into pyruvate, which enters the Krebs cycle, and energy is produced in the electron transport chain.

Question 2: Calculate the total number of ATP molecules produced from one molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration.

Answer: Approximately 36 ATP molecules.

Question 1: Identify two variables that should be controlled in an experiment measuring the rate of aerobic respiration in yeast.

Answer: Temperature and oxygen availability.

Question 2: State one safety precaution that should be taken when conducting experiments involving yeast and warm environments.

Answer: Ensure proper handling of warm equipment to prevent burns and avoid contamination.

Question 1: In an experiment, yeast cells produce 20 ml of carbon dioxide in 10 minutes under aerobic conditions. What is the average rate of carbon dioxide production per minute?

Answer: 2 ml per minute.

Question 2: If a sample of human muscle tissue consumes 300 mmol of glucose during exercise, and produces 36 ATP molecules per glucose, how many ATP molecules are generated in total?

Answer: 10,800 mmol of ATP.

Question 1: Explain how aerobic respiration differs from anaerobic respiration in terms of energy production and efficiency.

Answer: Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces more ATP (about 36) per glucose molecule, making it more efficient. Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and yields less ATP (about 2-4) per glucose, often producing lactic acid or alcohol as byproducts.

Question 1: Describe how understanding aerobic respiration can help improve athletic training and performance.

Answer: Understanding aerobic respiration helps in designing training that enhances stamina and oxygen use efficiency, leading to better endurance and quicker recovery in athletes.

Question 2: Identify a technology or industry that benefits from studying aerobic respiration and explain why.

Answer: The biotechnology industry benefits by using knowledge of respiration to optimize fermentation processes for products like alcohol and pharmaceuticals.