Question 1: Define anaerobic respiration and explain how it differs from aerobic respiration.

Answer: Anaerobic respiration is a type of respiration that occurs without oxygen, producing less energy compared to aerobic respiration, which requires oxygen.

Question 2: Name the main products formed during anaerobic respiration in yeast and muscles.

Answer: In yeast, ethanol and carbon dioxide; in muscles, lactic acid.

Question 1: Write the simplified chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in human muscles.

Answer: C6H12O6 → 2 lactic acid + 2 ATP

Question 2: How many molecules of ATP are produced from one molecule of glucose during anaerobic respiration?

Answer: 2 ATP

Question 3: Explain why anaerobic respiration produces less energy than aerobic respiration.

Answer: Because it involves fewer steps and the final electron acceptor is not oxygen, resulting in less ATP being generated.

Question 1: If 1 mole of glucose yields 2 moles of ATP during anaerobic respiration, how many moles of ATP are produced from 3 moles of glucose?

Answer: 6 moles of ATP

Question 2: Calculate the energy released (in kilojoules) when 2 moles of glucose undergo anaerobic respiration, considering each mole of ATP releases approximately 30 kJ.

Answer: 120 kJ

Question 1: Describe a simple experiment to measure lactic acid production in muscles during anaerobic respiration.

Answer: One method involves having a muscle sample undergo exercise, then measuring lactic acid concentration using titration or chemical test kits.

Question 2: List two safety precautions when working with chemical tests for anaerobic products.

Answer: Wear gloves and goggles; handle chemicals in a well-ventilated area.

Question 1: A person performs high-intensity exercise, leading to lactic acid buildup. Explain how anaerobic respiration is involved and why it occurs under these conditions.

Answer: During intense exercise, oxygen supply to muscles is limited, so muscles switch to anaerobic respiration to produce ATP quickly, resulting in lactic acid buildup.

Question 2: Discuss an industry or day-to-day scenario where anaerobic respiration is utilized or affects processes.

Answer: In baking, yeast undergoes anaerobic respiration to produce carbon dioxide, which causes bread to rise. Similarly, in sports, muscle fatigue is linked to lactic acid from anaerobic respiration.

Question 1: Describe the advantages and disadvantages of anaerobic respiration for organisms.

Answer: Advantages include rapid energy production without oxygen, useful in emergencies or low oxygen environments. Disadvantages are less energy produced and accumulation of toxic by-products like lactic acid, which can cause fatigue and muscle soreness.