Question 1: Explain in your own words what happens to the rate of respiration during exercise.

Answer: The rate of respiration increases to supply more oxygen to the muscles and remove carbon dioxide produced during exercise.

Question 1: Define anaerobic respiration and explain when it occurs during exercise.

Answer: Anaerobic respiration is the process of producing energy without oxygen, occurring when oxygen supply is limited during intense exercise.

Question 2: What is the primary function of the heart during exercise?

Answer: To pump blood more effectively to deliver oxygen and nutrients to muscles and remove waste products.

Question 3: Describe how the respiratory system adapts during sustained exercise.

Answer: The respiratory rate and volume increase to provide more oxygen and remove carbon dioxide more rapidly, improving gas exchange.

Question 1: During intense exercise, a person’s oxygen consumption increases from 250 ml/min to 1500 ml/min. Calculate the fold increase in oxygen intake.

Answer: 6 times (1500 ml/min ÷ 250 ml/min = 6)

Question 2: A cyclist’s heart rate increases from 70 beats per minute at rest to 150 beats per minute during exercise. Calculate the percentage increase in heart rate.

Answer: 114.3% ((150 - 70) ÷ 70 × 100)

Question 1: Outline a simple experiment to measure the increase in breathing rate during exercise. Identify the independent and dependent variables, and mention safety precautions.

Answer: The experiment involves measuring a subject’s resting breathing rate, then having them perform a set period of exercise (e.g., running on a treadmill). The breathing rate is measured immediately after exercise. The independent variable is the level of exercise, the dependent variable is the breathing rate. Safety precautions include monitoring heart rate, ensuring proper warm-up, and avoiding overexertion.

Question 1: A group of students measured their resting heart rate and maximum heart rate during exercise. Their data showed resting rates between 60-70 bpm, and maximum rates between 150-180 bpm. Explain what this data indicates about their cardiovascular response to exercise.

Answer: The data shows that during exercise, their heart rate increases significantly to supply oxygen more rapidly to muscles, indicating a normal cardiovascular response to physical activity.

Question 2: If a participant’s oxygen consumption increased from 300 ml/min at rest to 1800 ml/min during exercise, interpret this data in terms of respiratory efficiency.

Answer: The sixfold increase suggests a significant rise in respiratory effort and efficiency to meet the oxygen demands of exercising muscles.

Question 1: Describe how athletes train to improve their respiratory and cardiovascular responses to exercise.

Answer: Athletes engage in aerobic training such as long-distance running or cycling, which increases lung capacity, strengthens the heart, and improves oxygen delivery and utilisation. Interval training is also used to enhance anaerobic capacity and recovery efficiency.

Question 2: Discuss the impact of regular exercise on the respiratory system and overall health.

Answer: Regular exercise improves lung capacity, strengthens respiratory muscles, increases efficiency of gas exchange, and reduces risk of respiratory diseases. It also enhances cardiovascular health, boosts immune function, and promotes overall physical and mental well-being.