Question 1: Define biomass transfer and explain its significance in ecological food chains.

Answer: Biomass transfer is the movement of organic material and energy from one trophic level to the next in a food chain. It is significant because it determines the energy available to higher trophic levels and affects ecosystem stability.

Question 1: Describe the main mechanism by which biomass decreases as it moves up trophic levels.

Answer: Biomass decreases due to energy loss through metabolic processes, heat, excretion, and incomplete digestion, resulting in less biomass available at higher trophic levels.

Question 2: In the context of nanotechnology, how might nanomaterials be used to monitor biomass transfer in ecosystems?

Answer: Nanomaterials can be used as sensors or tracers to detect and quantify organic molecules or energy flow within food chains, allowing precise monitoring of biomass transfer in ecosystems.

Question 1: A primary producer has a biomass of 5000 kg. The herbivore that feeds on it has a biomass of 500 kg. Calculate the percentage efficiency of biomass transfer from producer to herbivore. Use the formula: (Biomass at higher level / Biomass at lower level) × 100.

Answer: 10%

Question 1: Design a basic experiment to measure biomass transfer in a freshwater ecosystem, considering variables you would control and safety precautions.

Answer: The experiment would involve sampling plant and animal biomass at different trophic levels, controlling variables such as temperature, light, and nutrient levels. Safety precautions include handling aquatic samples carefully, avoiding contamination, and using appropriate protective equipment.

Question 1: In a study using nanotechnology sensors, it was observed that biomass transfer efficiency between trophic levels increased by 15% after applying nanomaterial-based fertilisers. Discuss possible reasons for this increase.

Answer: Nanomaterial-based fertilisers may improve nutrient uptake and plant growth, leading to higher biomass production at the producer level. This increase can enhance energy flow through the food chain, resulting in higher transfer efficiency.

Question 1: Explain how nanotechnology could be utilised to optimise biomass transfer in sustainable agriculture or ecological conservation projects.

Answer: Nanotechnology can be used to develop targeted nutrient delivery systems that enhance plant growth and biomass accumulation. These systems can improve efficiency of nutrient use, reduce waste, and promote sustainable biomass transfer within ecosystems or agricultural settings.