Question 1: Define a salt in terms of its chemical composition.

Answer: A salt is an ionic compound formed from the neutralization of an acid by a base, consisting of positive and negative ions.

Question 2: Explain the general mechanism of making a salt by reacting an acid with a metal carbonate.

Answer: The acid reacts with the metal carbonate to produce a salt, water, and carbon dioxide gas; the reaction involves acid-base neutralization.

Question 3: What are the typical products when hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide?

Answer: The products are sodium chloride (salt) and water.

Question 1: Calculate the mass of sodium chloride (NaCl) produced when 5.0 g of hydrochloric acid reacts completely with excess sodium hydroxide. (Molar mass of HCl = 36.46 g/mol, NaOH = 40.00 g/mol, NaCl = 58.44 g/mol)

Answer: 16.0 g

Question 2: If 10 g of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) reacts with excess sodium hydroxide, how many grams of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) are formed? (Molar mass of H2SO4 = 98.08 g/mol, Na2SO4 = 142.04 g/mol)

Answer: 19.4 g

Question 1: Describe a safe laboratory procedure for synthesizing a salt from an acid and a base using dilute hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.

Answer: First, wear safety goggles and gloves. Add dilute hydrochloric acid to a beaker. Slowly add sodium hydroxide solution while stirring until neutralization occurs, indicated by a pH near 7. Filter the resulting solution to remove any impurities, then evaporate the water to obtain the salt crystals. Ensure proper ventilation and handle all chemicals carefully.

Question 2: Identify the independent variable, dependent variable, and control variables in an experiment where students react hydrochloric acid with sodium carbonate to produce salt.

Answer: Independent variable: the amount of sodium carbonate used; Dependent variable: amount of salt produced; Control variables: concentration of acid, temperature, and reaction time.

Question 1: A student reacts 50 mL of hydrochloric acid (0.1 mol/L) with excess sodium hydroxide. The mass of salt (NaCl) obtained is 0.29 g. Analyze the data and determine if the reaction was complete. (Molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g/mol)

Answer: Calculate moles of HCl: 0.1 mol/L × 0.05 L = 0.005 mol. Theoretical NaCl yield: 0.005 mol × 58.44 g/mol = 0.292 g. The actual yield is 0.29 g, which is very close to the theoretical yield, indicating the reaction was nearly complete.

Question 1: Explain why salts like sodium chloride are important in industry and daily life.

Answer: Salts like sodium chloride are essential for preserving food, in manufacturing processes, in medicine, and as vital electrolytes in biological systems.

Question 2: Identify a technological advancement that relies on the production of specific salts and describe its significance.

Answer: The development of lithium-ion batteries depends on the production of lithium salts. These salts are crucial for the battery's function, enabling portable electronic devices and electric vehicles, thus contributing to cleaner energy solutions.