Question 1: Explain the primary difference between a strong acid and a weak acid in terms of ionization.

Answer: A strong acid ionizes completely in water, releasing a high concentration of hydrogen ions, whereas a weak acid only partially ionizes, resulting in fewer hydrogen ions in solution.

Question 1: Define pH and state the pH range typically associated with strong acids.

Answer: pH is a measure of acidity; strong acids usually have a pH less than 3.

Question 2: Describe how the ionization process differs between a strong acid and a weak acid.

Answer: A strong acid ionizes completely, producing many hydrogen ions, while a weak acid ionizes only partially, resulting in fewer hydrogen ions.

Question 1: Calculate the pH of a 0.01 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution. (Use the formula pH = -log[H+])

Answer: 2

Question 2: A solution contains acetic acid with an ionization constant Ka = 1.8 x 10^-5. If the concentration of acetic acid is 0.1 M, estimate the pH of the solution.

Answer: 4.75

Question 1: Design a simple experiment to compare the strength of two acids, hydrochloric acid and acetic acid. Specify the variables involved and safety precautions to consider.

Answer: The experiment involves measuring the pH of solutions of equal concentration for both acids using a pH meter. Independent variable: type of acid; dependent variable: pH; controlled variables: concentration, temperature. Safety precautions include wearing gloves, goggles, and working in a well-ventilated area to handle acids safely.

Question 1: A set of solutions has the following pH values: Solution A: pH 2, Solution B: pH 5, Solution C: pH 1. Which solution is the strongest acid and why?

Answer: Solution C is the strongest acid because it has the lowest pH, indicating a higher concentration of hydrogen ions.

Question 2: A researcher measures the hydrogen ion concentration of an acid solution as 1 x 10^-4 M. Is this acid likely to be strong or weak? Justify your answer.

Answer: It is likely a weak acid because the hydrogen ion concentration is relatively low, indicating partial ionization.

Question 1: Explain how understanding the difference between strong and weak acids is important in the manufacturing of batteries.

Answer: In battery manufacturing, strong acids are used in processes requiring complete ionization for efficient electrical conduction, while weak acids are used in applications where controlled reactivity is needed to prevent damage.

Question 2: Identify a common household product that contains a weak acid and explain its role.

Answer: Vinegar contains acetic acid, which acts as a mild preservative and flavoring agent.