Question 1: Define a strong acid and provide an example.

Answer: A strong acid is an acid that completely dissociates into its ions in solution; an example is hydrochloric acid (HCl).

Question 2: Describe the difference in ionization between a strong acid and a weak acid in aqueous solution.

Answer: A strong acid fully dissociates into ions in water, while a weak acid only partially dissociates, establishing an equilibrium with some undissociated molecules.

Question 3: Explain why hydrochloric acid is classified as a strong acid.

Answer: Because it completely dissociates into hydrogen ions and chloride ions in aqueous solution.

Question 1: Calculate the pH of a 0.01 molarity hydrochloric acid solution.

Answer: pH = -log[H+]; for [H+] = 0.01 mol/L, pH = 2

Question 2: If a weak acid has a dissociation constant (Ka) of 1.8 x 10^-5, estimate the concentration of hydrogen ions in a 0.1 mol/L solution.

Answer: Using approximation, [H+] ≈ √(Ka * concentration) = √(1.8 x 10^-5 * 0.1) ≈ 0.00134 mol/L

Question 1: Describe a simple experiment to compare the strength of two different acids.

Answer: Measure the pH of equal concentrations of the two acids using pH paper or a pH meter; the acid with the lower pH is the stronger acid.

Question 2: List safety precautions to consider when handling strong acids in the laboratory.

Answer: Wear protective gloves and goggles, work in a well-ventilated area, and handle acids with care to avoid spills and skin contact.

Question 1: A solution of acid A has a pH of 1.5, and acid B has a pH of 3.0. Which acid is stronger and why?

Answer: Acid A is stronger because it has a lower pH, indicating a higher concentration of hydrogen ions.

Question 2: A sample of vinegar (weak acid) shows a pH of 3.0. Explain why its pH is higher than that of hydrochloric acid at the same concentration.

Answer: Because vinegar is a weak acid, it only partially dissociates, resulting in fewer free hydrogen ions and a higher pH compared to a strong acid like HCl.

Question 1: Identify an industry where strong acids are used and describe their purpose.

Answer: Strong acids like sulfuric acid are used in the manufacture of fertilizers, batteries, and in metal processing due to their ability to react vigorously with materials.

Question 2: Explain why weak acids like acetic acid are important in food preservation.

Answer: Weak acids like acetic acid inhibit bacterial growth without being corrosive, making them useful in preserving foods like vinegar.

Question 1: Discuss the differences in dissociation, pH, and everyday applications of strong acids versus weak acids. Include examples and explain why these differences are important in practical uses.

Answer: Strong acids completely dissociate in water, resulting in a high concentration of hydrogen ions and a low pH, making them very reactive and useful in industrial processes. Weak acids only partially dissociate, resulting in higher pH values and less reactivity, making them suitable for food preservation and household use. Understanding these differences helps in selecting the appropriate acid for specific applications, ensuring safety and effectiveness.