Question 1: Define the term 'atomic model' and explain its significance in the development of chemistry.

Answer: An atomic model is a scientific representation of the structure of an atom. It is significant because it helps scientists understand atomic properties and how atoms interact in chemical reactions.

Question 2: Which scientist proposed the 'plum pudding' model of the atom?

Answer: J.J. Thomson

Question 3: Fill in the blank: The gold foil experiment was conducted by __________ to discover the nucleus.

Answer: Ernest Rutherford

Question 4: Describe the main findings of Rutherford's gold foil experiment.

Answer: Rutherford's experiment showed that atoms consist of a small, dense, positively charged nucleus at the centre, with electrons orbiting around it. Most alpha particles passed through the foil, but some were deflected, indicating the presence of a nucleus.

Question 5: Calculate the number of neutrons in an atom of carbon-14, given that its atomic number is 6.

Answer: 8

Question 6: Explain why the discovery of the nucleus led to the development of the Bohr model of the atom.

Answer: The discovery of the nucleus showed that atoms have a small, dense core. This led to models where electrons orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels, as proposed by Bohr, improving upon earlier models by explaining atomic spectra.

Question 7: Identify which part of the atom was discovered through Rutherford's experiment.

Answer: The nucleus

Question 8: Describe one safety precaution that should be taken when conducting experiments similar to Rutherford's gold foil experiment.

Answer: Use appropriate shielding and protective equipment to handle radioactive materials safely.

Question 9: In the context of atomic theory, what is meant by 'subatomic particles'?

Answer: Subatomic particles are particles smaller than an atom, including protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Question 10: How has the understanding of atomic structure impacted modern technology?

Answer: Understanding atomic structure has led to advancements in nuclear energy, medical imaging, semiconductor technology, and the development of new materials, greatly influencing modern industry and healthcare.

Question 11: Provide one example of a practical application that relies on knowledge of atomic structure.

Answer: Medical radiography uses knowledge of atomic structure to produce images of the inside of the body.