Question 1: Define the term 'limiting reactant' in a chemical reaction.

Answer: The limiting reactant is the substance that is completely consumed first in a chemical reaction, limiting the amount of product formed.

Question 2: Explain why it is important to identify the limiting reactant in a chemical process.

Answer: Identifying the limiting reactant allows us to determine the maximum amount of product that can be formed and helps in optimizing chemical reactions.

Question 1: Given 10 grams of hydrogen gas (H₂) reacts with 80 grams of oxygen gas (O₂) to form water (H₂O), determine the limiting reactant. (Molar mass of H₂ = 2 g/mol, O₂ = 32 g/mol, H₂O = 18 g/mol).

Answer: Oxygen is the limiting reactant because it produces fewer moles of water (2.22 mol O₂ produces 2.22 mol H₂O) compared to hydrogen (5 mol H₂ produces 5 mol H₂O).

Question 2: A reaction involves 5 grams of aluminum (Al) reacting with excess sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄). If 27 grams of aluminum sulfate (Al₂(SO₄)₃) are produced, what is the limiting reactant? (Molar mass of Al = 27 g/mol, Al₂(SO₄)₃ = 342 g/mol).

Answer: Aluminum is the limiting reactant because the amount of aluminum required to produce 27 g of aluminum sulfate is 4.23 mol, matching the initial 5 g of Al, indicating excess sulfuric acid.

Question 1: Describe the key safety precautions that should be taken when performing a reaction to identify the limiting reactant in a laboratory setting.

Answer: Wear safety goggles and gloves, work in a well-ventilated area or under a fume hood, and handle all chemicals with care following proper lab protocols.

Question 2: A student measures the amount of product formed in a reaction with varying initial amounts of reactant. The data shows that increasing the reactant beyond a certain point does not produce more product. What does this indicate about the reaction?

Answer: This indicates that the reactant has become the limiting reactant, and the reaction has reached its maximum product formation point.

Question 1: In a manufacturing process, 100 kg of raw material A is combined with excess raw material B to produce a product. If calculations show that only 70 kg of the product can be formed from the given raw material A, what is the role of raw material A in this process?

Answer: Raw material A is the limiting reactant in this process, as it determines the maximum amount of product that can be formed.

Question 2: Explain how understanding limiting reactants can improve efficiency in industrial chemical production.

Answer: By identifying the limiting reactant, industries can optimize the amount of raw materials used, reducing waste and costs. It also helps in designing processes that maximize product yield and minimize excess reactants, leading to more sustainable and economical production.