Question 1: What is the main purpose of a titration in medical laboratories?

Answer: To determine the concentration of a substance in a medical sample.

Question 2: Explain briefly how a titration can help in measuring the amount of Sulfur in a medication.

Answer: By adding a reagent of known concentration until the reaction with Sulfur in the sample is complete, allowing calculation of Sulfur's concentration.

Question 1: Define titration in your own words.

Answer: A laboratory technique to determine the concentration of an unknown solution by reacting it with a solution of known concentration.

Question 2: What is the role of the titrant in a titration?

Answer: The titrant is the solution of known concentration added to react with the analyte in the sample.

Question 1: A lab technician titrates a sulfur-containing medication sample with a 0.1 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. If 25.0 mL of NaOH is required to neutralize 10.0 mL of the sample, what is the concentration of sulfur in the sample? (Assume a 1:1 molar ratio).

Answer: 0.025 mol/L

Question 2: Calculate the volume of 0.05 M HCl needed to titrate a 50 mL blood sample if 30 mL of base was required to neutralize the sample. (Assume the reaction ratio is 1:1).

Answer: 75 mL

Question 1: List two safety precautions that must be observed when performing titrations with medical solutions.

Answer: Wear protective gloves and safety goggles to prevent chemical contact; handle acids and bases carefully to avoid spills.

Question 2: Identify the variables that must be controlled during a titration in a medical laboratory.

Answer: Volume of titrant added, concentration of titrant, and temperature of the solution.

Question 1: A medical lab records that titrating a blood sample with a known reagent requires 28 mL of titrant. If the titrant concentration is 0.2 M, what is the amount of substance (in moles) in the sample? (Reaction ratio 1:1).

Answer: 0.0056 mol

Question 2: Interpret the significance of a consistent titration volume across multiple tests of a medical sample.

Answer: It indicates accurate and precise measurement, ensuring reliable results for medical analysis.

Question 1: Explain how titrations are used to determine the concentration of sulfur in a new pharmaceutical drug. Include the key steps involved in the process. (6 marks)

Answer: Titrations involve adding a reagent of known concentration to a sample until the reaction is complete, indicated by a color change or other endpoint. In pharmaceuticals, this allows precise measurement of sulfur content, ensuring dosage accuracy. The process includes preparing the sample, selecting an appropriate titrant, performing the titration carefully, calculating the concentration from the titration data, and verifying the results with repeated tests.

Question 2: Describe one way that medical titrations can contribute to improving patient safety in drug development.

Answer: By accurately measuring the concentration of active ingredients, ensuring proper dosage, and preventing harmful side effects.