Question 1: Define the term 'theoretical yield' in a chemical reaction.

Answer: The maximum amount of product that can be formed from a given amount of reactant, calculated based on stoichiometry.

Question 2: Explain why the actual yield of a reaction is often less than the theoretical yield.

Answer: Due to factors such as incomplete reactions, side reactions, loss of product during recovery, or impurities.

Question 3: Calculate the percentage yield if the theoretical yield is 50 g and the actual yield obtained is 40 g.

Answer: Percentage yield = (Actual yield / Theoretical yield) × 100 = (40 / 50) × 100 = 80%

Question 4: In an industrial process, a chemist obtains a 70% yield of a product. If the theoretical yield is 200 kg, what is the actual amount of product obtained?

Answer: Actual yield = (Percentage yield / 100) × Theoretical yield = (70 / 100) × 200 kg = 140 kg

Question 5: What are two factors that can improve the yield of a chemical reaction?

Answer: Using pure reactants and optimising reaction conditions such as temperature and pressure.

Question 6: Choose the correct statement: A) A high percentage yield always indicates a successful reaction. B) Yield is unaffected by reaction conditions. C) Theoretical yield can be exceeded in practice. D) Losses during purification can affect the actual yield.

Answer: D) Losses during purification can affect the actual yield.

Question 7: Fill in the blank: The percentage yield is calculated as (________ / theoretical yield) × 100.

Answer: actual yield

Question 8: Describe one safety precaution that should be taken during a chemical reaction to ensure high yield and safety.

Answer: Wearing appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves and goggles to prevent chemical burns, inhalation of fumes, or accidents.

Question 9: Identify two variables a chemist might control to maximise yield in a laboratory reaction.

Answer: Reaction temperature and reactant purity.

Question 10: Explain how the concept of yield is important in industrial manufacturing processes.

Answer: Yield in industrial manufacturing determines the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of production. High yields reduce waste and material costs, optimise resource utilisation, and improve profitability. Understanding and controlling yield also ensures consistent product quality and sustainability.