Question 1: Define the term 'theoretical yield' in the context of a chemical reaction.

Answer: The maximum amount of product that can be be produced from a given amount of reactants, calculated based on stoichiometry.

Question 2: Explain why the actual yield of a chemical reaction is often less than the theoretical yield.

Answer: Because of side reactions, incomplete reactions, loss of product during handling, or impurities.

Question 1: A student reacts 10 grams of aluminum with excess sulfur to produce aluminum sulfide. If the theoretical yield of aluminum sulfide is 20 grams, and the student actually obtains 15 grams, what is the percentage yield?

Answer: 75%

Question 2: Given that the theoretical yield of a reaction is 50 grams and the actual yield is 40 grams, calculate the percentage yield. Show your formula.

Answer: Percentage yield = (Actual yield / Theoretical yield) × 100 = (40 / 50) × 100 = 80%

Question 1: Describe two safety precautions that should be taken when performing a reaction to produce sulfuric acid in a laboratory.

Answer: Wear safety goggles and gloves; work in a well-ventilated area or fume hood.

Question 2: Identify two variables that could affect the yield of a chemical reaction and explain how they influence it.

Answer: Temperature and reaction time; higher temperature or longer time can increase or decrease yield depending on the reaction.

Question 1: A chemist performs a reaction with a theoretical yield of 100 grams but obtains 85 grams of product. The reaction was performed with 120 grams of reactant. Calculate the percentage yield and comment on the efficiency of the reaction.

Answer: Percentage yield = (85 / 100) × 100 = 85%. The reaction has a high efficiency, but some loss occurred, possibly due to side reactions or handling.

Question 1: Explain how the concept of percentage yield is important in industrial manufacturing of chemicals such as fertilizers or medicines.

Answer: Percentage yield helps industries evaluate efficiency, reduce waste, and control costs to produce cost-effective and safe products.

Question 2: A new technology claims to increase the percentage yield of a reaction from 70% to 90%. How might this impact the industry and consumers?

Answer: Higher yields mean more product from the same amount of raw materials, reducing costs and waste. This can lead to cheaper products, increased production efficiency, and less environmental impact.