Question 1: Define the term 'yield' in the context of a chemical reaction.

Answer: Yield refers to the amount of product obtained from a chemical reaction, usually expressed as a percentage of the maximum possible amount (theoretical yield).

Question 2: Explain why the actual yield of a reaction is often less than the theoretical yield.

Answer: The actual yield is often less due to incomplete reactions, side reactions, loss of product during collection, or impurities.

Question 1: A reaction between 10 grams of magnesium and excess hydrochloric acid produces magnesium chloride. The molar mass of magnesium is 24.3 g/mol, and that of magnesium chloride is 95.2 g/mol. Calculate the theoretical yield of magnesium chloride in grams.

Answer: 37.0 grams

Question 2: If the actual amount of magnesium chloride obtained from the reaction was 30 grams, what is the percentage yield?

Answer: 81.1%

Question 1: List three factors that can reduce the actual yield of a chemical reaction in the laboratory.

Answer: Incomplete reactions, product loss during transfer, impurities or side reactions.

Question 2: Suggest two safety precautions that should be taken when conducting reactions to maximize yield and ensure safety.

Answer: Wearing appropriate protective equipment and working in a well-ventilated area.

Question 1: In a reaction, 50 grams of reactant A was used, resulting in 40 grams of product B. Calculate the percentage yield of the reaction.

Answer: 80%

Question 2: What might be some reasons for the yield being less than 100% in this scenario?

Answer: Possible reasons include incomplete reaction, product loss during transfer, side reactions, or impurities.

Question 1: Explain why maximizing yield is important in the pharmaceutical industry.

Answer: Maximizing yield ensures more effective medicines, reduces costs, and minimizes waste.

Question 2: Describe a technological advancement that has helped improve reaction yields in chemical manufacturing.

Answer: The development of catalytic processes and optimization of reaction conditions using computer models have significantly improved yields, reducing waste and increasing efficiency in manufacturing.