Question 1: Define the term 'theoretical yield' in a chemical reaction.

Answer: The maximum amount of product that can be formed from a given amount of reactants, calculated based on stoichiometry.

Question 2: Explain why the actual yield is often less than the theoretical yield.

Answer: Because of side reactions, incomplete reactions, or loss of product during recovery.

Question 1: A reaction has a theoretical yield of 50 grams of product. If the actual yield obtained is 40 grams, what is the percentage yield? (Show your calculation and answer in %).

Answer: Percentage yield = (Actual yield / Theoretical yield) × 100 = (40 / 50) × 100 = 80%

Question 2: A chemist starts with 10 grams of reactant A, which theoretically produces 15 grams of product B. If only 12 grams of B are produced, what is the percentage yield?

Answer: Percentage yield = (12 / 15) × 100 = 80%

Question 1: Describe two safety precautions that should be taken when performing a reaction to maximize yield and ensure safety.

Answer: Wearing protective goggles and gloves; working in a well-ventilated area or under a fume hood.

Question 2: Identify one variable that could affect the yield of a chemical reaction and explain how it influences the outcome.

Answer: Reaction temperature; higher temperatures can increase reaction rate but might also cause side reactions reducing the overall yield.

Question 1: A manufacturer produces 500 kg of a chemical product. The theoretical yield based on raw materials is 600 kg. The actual amount produced is 520 kg. Calculate the percentage yield and discuss how this information could help improve the manufacturing process.

Answer: Percentage yield = (520 / 600) × 100 ≈ 86.67%. This indicates the efficiency of the process; analyzing reasons for the loss can help optimize conditions to increase yield.

Question 2: Explain how understanding yield can impact industrial chemical production and environmental sustainability.

Answer: Understanding yield helps industries minimize waste, optimize resource use, and reduce environmental impact by improving process efficiency and reducing excess reactants.