Question 1: The molar gas volume is the volume occupied by one mole of a gas at a specified temperature and pressure, typically 24 dm³ at room temperature and pressure (RTP). Explain why understanding molar gas volumes is important in studying greenhouse gases and their impact on climate change.

Answer: Understanding molar gas volumes helps quantify the amount of greenhouse gases like CO₂ released into the atmosphere, enabling scientists to estimate their contribution to global warming and design mitigation strategies.

Question 1: Define molar gas volume and state its value at room temperature and pressure (RTP).

Answer: Molar gas volume is the volume occupied by one mole of a gas at RTP, which is 24 dm³.

Question 2: Name two greenhouse gases that can be measured in terms of molar gas volume to assess their environmental impact.

Answer: Carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄).

Question 1: Calculate the volume occupied by 2.5 moles of carbon dioxide (CO₂) at RTP. (Use 24 dm³ per mole).

Answer: Volume = moles × molar gas volume = 2.5 mol × 24 dm³/mol = 60 dm³

Question 2: A factory releases 180 dm³ of methane (CH₄) into the atmosphere. How many moles of methane is this? (Use 24 dm³ per mole).

Answer: Moles = volume / molar gas volume = 180 dm³ / 24 dm³/mol = 7.5 mol

Question 1: Describe a simple experimental setup to measure the volume of a gas emitted from a sample of decomposing organic waste, ensuring safety precautions are considered. (No diagram required).

Answer: The setup includes a sealed container with the organic waste, connected to a delivery tube leading to a gas collection burette filled with water. The container is placed on a balance to record mass loss. The gas displaces water in the burette, allowing volume measurement. Safety precautions include working in a well-ventilated area, wearing gloves and goggles, and ensuring the container is properly sealed to prevent gas leaks.

Question 2: Explain why measuring the molar volume of gases like CO₂ is important for industries involved in carbon capture and storage (CCS).

Answer: Measuring molar volume helps industries determine the amount of CO₂ captured or stored, ensuring they meet environmental regulations and assess the efficiency of CCS technology.

Question 1: A sample of 12 dm³ of methane is collected from a landfill site. How many moles of methane does this represent at RTP? Show your working.

Answer: Moles = volume / molar gas volume = 12 dm³ / 24 dm³/mol = 0.5 mol

Question 2: Discuss how accurate measurement of gas volumes in industrial emissions can help reduce the environmental impact of greenhouse gases.

Answer: Accurate measurement of gas volumes allows industries to quantify emissions precisely, enabling targeted reduction strategies, compliance with regulations, and improved carbon management. It also helps in verifying the effectiveness of mitigation technologies like CCS.

Question 1: Explain the role of molar gas volume in estimating the total greenhouse gas emissions from a large-scale industrial process. Include calculations to support your explanation.

Answer: Molar gas volume allows for the conversion of measured gas volumes into moles, which can then be used to estimate total emissions. For example, if an industry releases 4800 dm³ of CO₂, dividing by 24 dm³/mol gives 200 mol of CO₂ emitted. By knowing the molar mass of CO₂ (44 g/mol), total mass emitted is 200 mol × 44 g/mol = 8800 g or 8.8 kg. This quantification helps in assessing environmental impact and compliance with emission targets.