Question 1: Define 'carbon footprint' and explain why it is important in addressing climate change.

Answer: A carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide, emitted directly or indirectly by human activities. It is important because it helps quantify individual and collective impacts on global warming and guides efforts to reduce emissions.

Question 2: List three common sources of greenhouse gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect.

Answer: Burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas), deforestation, and agricultural activities.

Question 1: Explain how greenhouse gases contribute to the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere.

Answer: Greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation emitted from Earth's surface and re-emit it in all directions, trapping heat in the atmosphere and warming the planet.

Question 2: Which greenhouse gas has the highest global warming potential (GWP): carbon dioxide, methane, or nitrous oxide?

Answer: Nitrous oxide

Question 1: Calculate the total CO2 emissions (in kilograms) if a factory emits 500 tonnes of CO2 annually. (Note: 1 tonne = 1000 kg)

Answer: 500,000 kg

Question 2: If an individual’s daily carbon footprint is 20 kg of CO2, what is their annual carbon footprint?

Answer: 7300 kg

Question 1: Describe a simple experiment to measure the amount of carbon dioxide produced when burning a small piece of paper. Include the safety precautions involved.

Answer: Set up a combustion chamber with a known volume, burn a small piece of paper inside, and collect the emitted gases in a sealed container with a CO2 sensor or indicator. Ensure safety by wearing goggles, gloves, and conducting the experiment in a well-ventilated area or under a fume hood. Do not inhale combustion gases directly.

Question 2: Identify two variables that should be controlled during an experiment measuring CO2 emissions from different fuels.

Answer: Amount of fuel used and the duration of combustion.

Question 1: A country emits 1.5 billion tonnes of CO2 annually. If the country’s population is 150 million, what is the average CO2 emission per person per year (in kg)?

Answer: 10 kg

Question 2: If a factory reduces its CO2 emissions from 1000 tonnes to 800 tonnes annually, what percentage reduction has occurred?

Answer: 20%

Question 1: Name two strategies industries can implement to reduce their carbon footprint.

Answer: Using renewable energy sources and improving energy efficiency.

Question 2: Describe how individuals can reduce their daily carbon footprint in transportation.

Answer: By walking, cycling, using public transportation, carpooling, or switching to electric or fuel-efficient vehicles.