Question 1: Define greenhouse gases and explain how they contribute to the greenhouse effect.

Answer: Greenhouse gases are gases in the atmosphere that trap heat from the Earth's surface, contributing to the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared radiation and maintaining Earth's temperature.

Question 2: List three common greenhouse gases and their primary sources related to medical science or industry.

Answer: Carbon dioxide (from respiration and combustion), methane (from waste management and anaerobic processes), and nitrous oxide (from medical anesthesia and industry).

Question 1: Calculate the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) produced in kilograms if 5 liters of pure CO2 gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP) are released. (Use the molar volume of gases at STP = 22.4 L/mol; molar mass of CO2 = 44 g/mol).

Answer: Mass = (Volume / Molar volume) × Molar mass = (5 L / 22.4 L/mol) × 44 g/mol = approximately 9.82 grams or 0.00982 kg

Question 2: If a medical facility emits 2000 kg of methane annually, how much CO2 equivalent (CO2e) does this represent, considering methane's global warming potential (GWP) over 100 years is 28? (Show your calculation.)

Answer: CO2e = Emissions of methane × GWP = 2000 kg × 28 = 56,000 kg of CO2e

Question 1: Describe a possible experiment to measure the impact of increased CO2 levels on the effectiveness of a medical oxygen delivery system.

Answer: Students should outline an experiment where they vary CO2 concentrations in a controlled environment, monitor oxygen flow rates and patient oxygenation levels, and record data to analyze how elevated CO2 affects device performance and patient health, including safety precautions such as using proper ventilation and protective equipment.

Question 2: Identify two variables that must be controlled in experiments studying greenhouse gases in medical environments and explain why.

Answer: Variables such as temperature and humidity must be controlled because they can influence gas behavior and measurement accuracy.

Question 1: A hospital’s greenhouse gas emissions data shows that increased methane emissions correlate with higher incidences of respiratory issues among patients. Explain how methane as a greenhouse gas could contribute to health problems.

Answer: Methane contributes to climate change, which can increase air pollution and exacerbate respiratory conditions; also, high methane levels may indicate poor ventilation, leading to higher indoor pollutant concentrations.

Question 1: Explain how greenhouse gases are used in medical technology, providing at least one example.

Answer: Greenhouse gases like nitrous oxide are used as anesthetic agents in hospitals; they help induce and maintain anesthesia during surgeries by controlling pain and consciousness.

Question 2: Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a major source of nitrous oxide used in medical applications?

Answer: C) Medical anesthesia gases

Question 1: Describe how carbon dioxide is utilized in the medical industry beyond its role as a greenhouse gas.

Answer: Carbon dioxide is used in medical procedures such as in laparoscopic surgeries to inflate body cavities and in cryotherapy for skin treatments.

Question 2: Discuss one safety precaution when handling or working with greenhouse gases in medical facilities.

Answer: Proper ventilation and the use of protective equipment are essential to prevent inhalation of hazardous gases and ensure safe handling.