Question 1: Define a sulfate ion and write its chemical formula.

Answer: A sulfate ion is a polyatomic ion with the formula SO₄²⁻.

Question 2: Explain the typical test used to identify sulfates in a solution and mention the precipitate formed.

Answer: Add barium chloride solution; a white precipitate of barium sulfate forms.

Question 3: Describe why barium sulfate is suitable for medical imaging despite its insolubility.

Answer: Because it is insoluble, it passes through the body without dissolving, allowing it to highlight the digestive system in X-rays.

Question 1: Calculate the mass of barium sulfate (BaSO₄) formed when 10.0 mL of 0.1 mol/dm³ barium chloride solution reacts completely with sulfate ions.

Answer: 0.59 grams

Question 2: If a solution contains 0.05 mol of sulfate ions, what volume (in cm³) of 0.1 mol/dm³ barium chloride solution is needed to completely precipitate the sulfate as BaSO₄?

Answer: 500 cm³

Question 1: Describe the steps involved in qualitatively testing a solution for the presence of sulfate ions using barium chloride.

Answer: Add a few drops of barium chloride solution to the test sample. Observe for the formation of a white precipitate of barium sulfate, which indicates the presence of sulfate ions.

Question 2: Identify two variables that must be controlled during the sulfate test to ensure accurate results and explain why.

Answer: The concentration of the barium chloride solution and the purity of the sample must be controlled to prevent false positives or negatives, ensuring consistent and reliable precipitation.

Question 1: A solution tested with barium chloride produces a faint white precipitate. List possible reasons for this observation and suggest steps to confirm whether sulfate ions are present.

Answer: Possible reasons include a low concentration of sulfate ions or interference from other ions. To confirm, increase the sample volume, ensure reagent purity, and repeat the test.

Question 2: Explain how the presence of sulfate ions in natural water sources can impact environmental and health considerations, especially in industrial discharge.

Answer: Sulfate ions can contribute to water pollution, causing environmental harm such as eutrophication, and may pose health risks if present in high concentrations. Industries must monitor sulfate levels to comply with environmental standards and prevent adverse effects.

Question 3: In a manufacturing process, a sulfate impurity needs to be detected in a product sample. Which analytical method would you recommend and why?

Answer: A qualitative sulfate test using barium chloride is suitable because it is simple, quick, and provides clear precipitation for detection.