Question 1: Define an ionic bond and explain how it forms between a metal and a non-metal.

Answer: An ionic bond is a strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, formed when a metal atom loses electrons to become a positive ion (cation) and a non-metal gains electrons to become a negative ion (anion).

Question 2: Describe the process of electron transfer during the formation of sodium chloride (NaCl).

Answer: Sodium atom loses one electron to achieve a full outer shell, becoming a Na+ ion, while chlorine atom gains that electron to complete its outer shell, becoming a Cl- ion. The electrostatic attraction between these ions results in an ionic bond.

Question 3: What is the role of the electrostatic force in ionic bond formation?

Answer: Electrostatic force is the attraction between oppositely charged ions, which holds the ions together in an ionic bond.

Question 1: Calculate the number of moles of sodium ions in 23 grams of sodium metal (Na). Molar mass of Na = 23 g/mol.

Answer: 1 mol

Question 2: How many chloride ions are produced when 2 moles of sodium chloride (NaCl) are formed?

Answer: 2 × 6.022 × 10^23 = 1.2044 × 10^24 chloride ions

Question 1: Outline a theoretical experiment to demonstrate ionic bond formation between sodium and chlorine gases. Mention the key variables and safety precautions.

Answer: In a controlled environment, expose sodium metal to chlorine gas in a sealed chamber. The sodium reacts vigorously with chlorine, forming sodium chloride. Variables include temperature, gas concentration, and exposure time. Safety precautions involve wearing protective gear, working in a fume hood, and handling sodium with caution due to its reactivity and chlorine's toxic nature.

Question 1: A sample of an unknown compound contains ions with a 1:1 ratio of positive to negative charges. The compound dissolves readily in water. Based on this information, suggest the likely bonding type and explain your reasoning.

Answer: The compound likely forms ionic bonds because it contains ions in a 1:1 ratio and dissolves in water, indicating electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions typical of ionic compounds.

Question 1: Explain how the ionic bonding in sodium chloride makes it suitable for use as a seasoning and preservative.

Answer: Ionic bonds in sodium chloride make it stable and soluble in water, allowing it to evenly distribute flavour and inhibit microbial growth, making it effective as a seasoning and preservative.

Question 2: Describe one way ionic compounds are used in modern technology or industry.

Answer: Ionic compounds like lithium-ion salts are used in the manufacture of rechargeable batteries for electronic devices.