Question 1: Explain in your own words what the principle of conservation of mass states in chemical reactions.

Answer: The principle of conservation of mass states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction; the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products.

Question 1: Describe the process that ensures mass is conserved during a chemical reaction occurring in a closed system.

Answer: In a closed system, no mass can escape or enter, so the total mass before and after the reaction remains the same, ensuring conservation of mass.

Question 1: A reaction between 20.0 grams of hydrogen gas and 80.0 grams of oxygen gas produces water. Assuming the system is closed, what is the total mass of water formed?

Answer: The total mass of water formed is 100.0 grams, since mass is conserved in a closed system.

Question 2: If a chemical reaction results in a decrease of 5 grams in the total mass measured, what could be a possible explanation?

Answer: Mass loss could be due to gas escaping into the surroundings or an experimental error.

Question 1: Design a simple experiment to demonstrate the conservation of mass during a chemical reaction. List the variables you would control and safety precautions you would take.

Answer: To demonstrate conservation of mass, conduct a reaction in a sealed container, such as magnesium reacting with hydrochloric acid. Control variables include temperature and amount of reactants. Safety precautions involve wearing protective goggles and gloves, handling acids carefully, and ensuring the container is securely sealed to prevent gas escape.

Question 1: A chemical manufacturing process claims that the total mass of raw materials equals the mass of final product. What principle justifies this statement?

Answer: This statement is justified by the principle of conservation of mass, which states that mass remains constant in a closed system during a chemical process.

Question 2: In the context of environmental science, how does understanding conservation of mass help in managing waste and pollution?

Answer: Understanding conservation of mass helps in tracking pollutant levels, designing waste reduction strategies, and ensuring that no pollutants are lost into the environment during processing, thereby aiding in effective waste management and pollution control.