Question 1: Define delocalized electrons in the context of metallic bonding.

Answer: Electrons that are not bound to a specific atom but are free to move throughout the metallic structure, forming a 'sea' of electrons.

Question 2: Explain how the presence of delocalized electrons affects the electrical conductivity of metals.

Answer: Delocalized electrons can move freely through the metal lattice, allowing electrical charge to be conducted efficiently.

Question 3: Describe the mechanism by which metallic bonds are formed involving delocalized electrons.

Answer: Metallic bonds form when metal atoms release some of their electrons into a shared 'sea' of delocalized electrons. These electrons are free to move around, holding the metal cations together through electrostatic attraction, which results in properties like malleability and electrical conductivity.

Question 4: Calculate the number of delocalized electrons contributed by 2 moles of aluminium atoms in a metallic lattice.

Answer: 2 moles of Al contribute 6.02 x 10^23 x 2 x 3 electrons = 3.61 x 10^24 electrons.

Question 5: Identify the variable that is changed in an experiment to test the effect of delocalized electrons on electrical conductivity.

Answer: Type of metal (or the amount of delocalized electrons).

Question 6: Multiple Choice: Which of the following properties is most directly influenced by the presence of delocalized electrons?

Answer: B) Electrical conductivity

Question 7: Fill in the blank: The malleability of metals is largely due to the ability of delocalized electrons to allow metal cations to slide past each other without breaking the metallic bond. This property is called ____________.

Answer: malleability

Question 8: Explain why metals are good conductors of heat and electricity, referencing delocalized electrons in your answer.

Answer: Delocalized electrons can transfer kinetic energy efficiently throughout the metal lattice, enabling metals to conduct heat and electricity rapidly. Their free movement allows the flow of electrical current and the transfer of thermal energy across the metal.

Question 9: Describe a simple experiment to demonstrate the electrical conductivity of a metal due to delocalized electrons. Include the main variables and safety precautions (theory only).

Answer: Set up a circuit with a metal wire connected to a battery and a light bulb. When the wire is complete, the bulb lights up, showing conduction. The main variable is the type of metal wire used. Safety precautions include ensuring the circuit is properly insulated to prevent electric shocks and using a low-voltage power supply. The experiment illustrates how delocalized electrons in the metal facilitate electrical flow.

Question 10: In the context of industry, explain how the delocalized electrons in copper are utilised in electrical wiring and the advantages this provides.

Answer: Copper's delocalized electrons allow it to conduct electricity efficiently and with minimal energy loss, making it ideal for electrical wiring. Its malleability and resistance to corrosion also contribute to its widespread use.