Question 1: Define 'atmospheric pollutant' and give two examples.

Answer: An atmospheric pollutant is a substance released into the air that can cause harm or damage; examples include sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.

Question 2: Explain how nitrogen oxides contribute to the formation of acid rain.

Answer: Nitrogen oxides react with water vapour in the atmosphere to produce nitric acid, which falls as acid rain, damaging ecosystems and buildings.

Question 3: Describe one practical method to reduce sulphur dioxide emissions from power stations.

Answer: Using flue gas desulphurisation (scrubbers) to remove sulphur dioxide from emissions before they are released into the atmosphere.

Question 4: Calculate the mass of sulphur dioxide (SO₂) emitted if 500 kg of sulphur is burned, given that burning 1 kg of sulphur produces 2.4 kg of SO₂. Show your working.

Answer: Mass of SO₂ = 500 kg × 2.4 = 1200 kg

Question 5: Identify the main sources of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere.

Answer: Main sources include vehicle exhaust emissions and incomplete combustion of fossil fuels.

Question 6: Which of the following pollutants is primarily responsible for photochemical smog?

Answer: Nitrogen oxides

Question 7: Fill in the blank: The presence of high levels of __________ in the atmosphere can lead to respiratory problems and environmental damage.

Answer: particulate matter

Question 8: Describe one safety precaution that should be taken when handling chemicals used in pollution analysis experiments.

Answer: Wearing appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and lab coats to prevent contact with hazardous chemicals.

Question 9: Given the data: In a city, the average concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is 40 µg/m³ during the day and 25 µg/m³ at night. Explain what these differences indicate about pollution levels.

Answer: The higher daytime concentration suggests increased emissions from traffic and industrial activities during the day, while lower levels at night indicate reduced activity and dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere.

Question 10: Suggest a practical experiment to measure the amount of particulate matter in the air in your local area. Describe the key variables involved.

Answer: An experiment could involve using a filter to collect airborne particles over a fixed period, then weighing the filter before and after collection to determine particulate mass. Variables include the duration of sampling, airflow rate, and environmental conditions such as wind and humidity.