Question 1: Define 'particulates' in the context of atmospheric pollution.

Answer: Particulates are tiny solid or liquid particles suspended in the air, originating from sources like vehicle emissions, industrial processes, and natural events.

Question 2: Explain how particulates can impact human health and the environment.

Answer: Particulates can cause respiratory problems, cardiovascular diseases, and environmental issues like acid rain and haze by reducing air quality and depositing harmful substances.

Question 3: Calculate the mass concentration of particulates in a 1000 m³ air sample if 50 grams of particulates are collected.

Answer: Mass concentration = mass of particulates / volume of air sample = 50 g / 1000 m³ = 0.05 g/m³

Question 4: Name one engineering technology used to reduce particulate emissions from factories.

Answer: Electrostatic precipitators

Question 5: Fill in the blank: Particulate matter with a diameter less than ____ micrometers can penetrate deep into the human lungs.

Answer: 10

Question 6: Describe a simple experiment to measure the concentration of particulates in the air around a busy road.

Answer: An experiment can involve using a portable air sampler with a filter to collect airborne particles over a set period. The filter is then weighed before and after sampling to determine the mass of particulates collected. The concentration is calculated by dividing the mass by the volume of air sampled, which is known from the flow rate and sampling duration.

Question 7: Analyze the following scenario: A factory reports that its particulate emissions have decreased by 30% after installing electrostatic precipitators. What does this imply about the effectiveness of this technology?

Answer: It implies that the electrostatic precipitators are effective in capturing and removing a significant portion of particulates from the emissions, thereby reducing pollution.

Question 8: What are two natural sources of atmospheric particulates?

Answer: Volcanic eruptions and wildfires are natural sources of atmospheric particulates.

Question 9: Explain why controlling particulate pollution is important for engineering sustainable cities.

Answer: Controlling particulate pollution is essential for maintaining air quality, protecting public health, and reducing environmental damage. Engineering solutions like filtration and emission controls help create sustainable urban environments by minimizing harmful emissions and complying with environmental regulations.