Question 1: Define a carboxylic acid and provide an example.

Answer: A carboxylic acid is an organic compound containing a carboxyl group (-COOH). An example is acetic acid.

Question 2: Describe the general mechanism by which carboxylic acids react with bases.

Answer: Carboxylic acids react with bases to produce a salt and water through neutralization, where the hydrogen from the -COOH group is replaced by a metal ion.

Question 3: What is the significance of the pH value in solutions of carboxylic acids?

Answer: The pH value indicates the acidity level; lower pH means higher acidity due to the release of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution.

Question 1: Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 5 grams of acetic acid (molecular weight = 60 g/mol) in 250 mL of water.

Answer: Molarity = (Mass / Molecular weight) / Volume in liters = (5 g / 60 g/mol) / 0.25 L = 0.333 mol / 0.25 L = 1.33 mol/L

Question 2: If a solution contains 0.5 mol of a carboxylic acid in 2 liters of solution, what is its molarity?

Answer: Molarity = 0.5 mol / 2 L = 0.25 mol/L

Question 1: Describe a basic experiment to test the acidity of a carboxylic acid solution, including safety precautions.

Answer: To test acidity, use pH paper or a pH meter to measure the solution's pH. Wear safety goggles and gloves to prevent contact with the acid. Ensure proper ventilation and handle acids with care to avoid spills and skin irritation.

Question 1: A sample of a carboxylic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to produce 22.4 liters of carbon dioxide gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP). How many moles of acid were present?

Answer: Use the molar volume of gas at STP (22.4 L/mol): Moles of acid = 22.4 L / 22.4 L/mol = 1 mol

Question 2: Interpret the data: What does the production of CO2 indicate about the carboxylic acid's reactivity?

Answer: It indicates that the carboxylic acid reacts with bases to produce carbon dioxide, demonstrating its acidic and reactive nature.

Question 1: Explain why carboxylic acids are considered weak acids. Include in your answer how this affects their reactions in water.

Answer: Carboxylic acids are considered weak acids because they do not completely ionize in water. Only a small fraction of acid molecules release hydrogen ions (H+), which means their solutions are only mildly acidic, affecting their reactivity and how they neutralize bases.

Question 2: Describe how carboxylic acids are used in industry and give a specific example.

Answer: Carboxylic acids are used to produce plastics, pharmaceuticals, and food additives. An example is acetic acid, which is used in vinegar and as a chemical reagent.

Question 1: Identify a common household product that contains a carboxylic acid and explain its use.

Answer: Vinegar contains acetic acid, which is used for cooking, cleaning, and food preservation due to its antimicrobial properties.

Question 2: Discuss how understanding carboxylic acids can help in developing new medicines.

Answer: Understanding the reactivity and properties of carboxylic acids allows scientists to design drugs that can interact effectively with biological molecules, improve drug stability, and develop targeted treatments for various diseases.