Question 1: Define 'metal ore' and explain its significance in the extraction of metals for medical purposes.

Answer: A mineral containing a metal in a form that can be processed to obtain the pure metal; significant because medical metals like platinum are sourced from ores.

Question 2: Describe the main difference between reduction with carbon and electrolysis in metal extraction.

Answer: Reduction with carbon is a chemical process using carbon to remove oxygen from metal oxides, suitable for less reactive metals; electrolysis uses electrical energy to extract more reactive metals directly from their compounds.

Question 3: Identify two metals commonly used in medical implants that are extracted using electrolysis.

Answer: Titanium and platinum.

Question 1: Calculate the amount of electrical energy (in kilowatt-hours) required to extract 10 kg of platinum using electrolysis, given that the process consumes 15 kWh per kg of platinum. Show your working.

Answer: 150 kWh

Question 2: If the ore contains 5% platinum by weight, what is the total weight of ore needed to obtain 10 kg of pure platinum?

Answer: 200 kg

Question 1: Describe a basic experimental setup for extracting platinum from its ore using electrolysis. Include key variables that need to be controlled.

Answer: A setup with a power supply, electrodes (platinum or inert), electrolyte solution containing platinum ions, and safety measures like protective gloves and goggles. Variables include voltage, current, temperature, and electrolyte concentration.

Question 2: List three safety precautions that must be observed during electrolysis of metal ores in a laboratory setting.

Answer: Wearing protective gloves and goggles, ensuring proper ventilation, and avoiding contact with corrosive electrolyte solutions.

Question 1: A pharmaceutical company requires 50 grams of pure platinum for manufacturing a medical device. If their ore contains 2% platinum, how much ore must they process? Explain your calculation.

Answer: They need 50 grams of platinum. Since ore contains 2%, total ore weight = 50 g / 0.02 = 2500 g or 2.5 kg.

Question 1: Explain how the extraction of platinum from ores impacts its use in medical implants, considering environmental, economic, and technological factors. Your answer should include the principles of sustainable extraction and the importance of purity in medical applications. (6 marks)

Answer: The extraction of platinum involves energy-intensive processes like electrolysis, which can impact the environment if not managed sustainably. Economically, the cost of extraction influences the price of medical implants. Technological advances aim to improve efficiency and reduce environmental harm, ensuring high purity levels essential for biocompatibility and safety in medical implants. Sustainable practices include recycling and reducing energy consumption, which are crucial for maintaining supply and environmental health.