Question 1: Define a transition metal and explain one unique property that distinguishes it from other elements.

Answer: A transition metal is an element that has an incomplete d subshell or can form ions with incomplete d subshells. One unique property is their ability to form colorful compounds.

Question 2: What is the typical oxidation state range for transition metals in their compounds?

Answer: Transition metals typically exhibit oxidation states from +1 to +7.

Question 3: Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic property of transition metals? A) They are all gases at room temperature B) They have high melting points and form colored compounds C) They do not conduct electricity D) They are highly reactive nonmetals

Answer: They have high melting points and form colored compounds

Question 4: Fill in the blank: Transition metals often exhibit multiple oxidation states because of the similar energy levels of their d electrons and s electrons, allowing electrons to be ______ or ______.

Answer: lost, gained

Question 5: Explain how the variable oxidation states of transition metals influence their chemical behavior.

Answer: The variable oxidation states allow transition metals to participate in a variety of chemical reactions, forming different compounds and catalytic activities. This flexibility makes them useful in processes like catalysis and forming complex ions.

Question 1: Calculate the atomic number of a transition metal if its atomic mass is 58.93 u and it has 29 protons.

Answer: 29

Question 2: If a transition metal ion has an atomic mass of 55.85 u and a charge of +2, what is its number of electrons?

Answer: 27

Question 3: Determine the number of neutrons in a transition metal isotope with an atomic number of 25 and an atomic mass of 60.

Answer: 35

Question 1: Describe a simple experiment to test the magnetic properties of a transition metal sample, including variables and safety precautions.

Answer: A simple experiment involves placing a sample of the transition metal in a magnetic field to observe attraction or repulsion. Variables include the type of metal and magnetic strength. Safety precautions include wearing gloves and eye protection to prevent contact with reactive metals or magnetic hazards.

Question 1: A sample of a transition metal chloride exhibits a deep purple color. Explain how the variable oxidation states of transition metals contribute to the color of such compounds.

Answer: The variable oxidation states lead to different electron arrangements, resulting in absorption of specific wavelengths of light and producing characteristic colors in compounds.

Question 1: Describe one industrial application of transition metals and explain why their properties are suitable for this use.

Answer: Transition metals like platinum are used as catalysts in automotive catalytic converters because of their ability to facilitate chemical reactions without being consumed, owing to their variable oxidation states and catalytic properties.