Question 1: Define a transition metal and describe one key physical property that distinguishes it from other metals.

Answer: A transition metal is an element that has an incomplete d subshell or can form ions with an incomplete d subshell. A key physical property is that they are typically good conductors of heat and electricity.

Question 2: Explain why transition metals are known for their ability to form colorful compounds.

Answer: Transition metals have partially filled d orbitals that can absorb specific wavelengths of light, resulting in colorful compounds.

Question 3: Calculate the oxidation state of Iron in the compound FeCl₃.

Answer: Oxidation state of Fe is +3. (Cl has a charge of -1, so 3 Cl atoms total -3; to balance, Fe must be +3.)

Question 4: List two common uses of transition metals in industry.

Answer: Transition metals are used in making stainless steel and in catalytic converters for vehicles.

Question 5: Describe a safe laboratory practice when handling transition metal compounds.

Answer: Always wear gloves and safety goggles to prevent skin and eye contact with metal compounds.

Question 6: Interpret the following data: A sample of a transition metal compound shows a high melting point, conducts electricity, and forms multiple oxidation states. What property does this data suggest?

Answer: This data suggests that transition metals are good conductors, have high melting points, and are versatile in their chemical bonding due to multiple oxidation states.

Question 7: A student observes that a transition metal solution changes color when different chemicals are added. What property of transition metals does this demonstrate?

Answer: It demonstrates their ability to form compounds with variable oxidation states, which affects their color.

Question 8: Fill in the blank: Transition metals are often used as __________ in catalytic processes due to their ability to change oxidation states.

Answer: catalysts

Question 9: What safety precautions should be taken when working with transition metal salts in the laboratory?

Answer: Students should wear appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves and goggles, work in a well-ventilated area, handle chemicals carefully to avoid spills, and dispose of waste according to safety guidelines.

Question 10: Explain how the properties of transition metals make them suitable for use in electrical wiring and electronics.

Answer: Transition metals such as copper and silver are excellent conductors of electricity due to their free-moving electrons. Their durability, resistance to corrosion, and ability to form stable compounds also make them ideal for electrical wiring and electronic components.

Question 11: Discuss how the variable oxidation states of transition metals can influence their chemical reactivity and applications.

Answer: The ability of transition metals to exist in multiple oxidation states allows them to participate in various chemical reactions, including redox processes. This versatility makes them valuable in catalysis, manufacturing of alloys, and in biological systems. Their variable states enable them to form a wide range of compounds with different properties, which is essential in applications like catalytic converters, dye production, and medicine.