Question 1: Define transition metals and list three general properties they exhibit.

Answer: Transition metals are elements found in groups 3-12 of the periodic table characterized by partially filled d-orbitals. They generally exhibit properties such as high melting points, ability to form multiple oxidation states, and good conductivity of heat and electricity.

Question 2: Explain why transition metals can exhibit multiple oxidation states. Include the role of d-electrons in your answer.

Answer: Transition metals can exhibit multiple oxidation states because their d-electrons are relatively loosely held and can be gained or lost easily during chemical reactions, allowing them to form compounds with different charges.

Question 3: Calculate the number of electrons lost if a transition metal ion has a charge of +3, assuming the neutral atom has 24 electrons.

Answer: 21

Question 4: Identify a common practical application of transition metals in industry and briefly describe its significance.

Answer: Transition metals like platinum and palladium are used as catalysts in catalytic converters to reduce vehicle emissions, which is significant for environmental protection.

Question 5: Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a typical property of transition metals?

Answer: Poor electrical conductivity

Question 6: Fill in the blank: Transition metals are often used as _____ because of their ability to catalyze chemical reactions.

Answer: catalysts

Question 7: Describe an experiment to test the electrical conductivity of a transition metal sample. Include the main variables and safety precautions.

Answer: To test electrical conductivity, connect the transition metal sample in a simple circuit with a battery and a light bulb. Main variables include the type of metal (independent variable) and the brightness of the bulb (dependent variable). Safety precautions involve ensuring the circuit is properly insulated, avoiding short circuits, and handling batteries carefully to prevent shocks.

Question 8: Analyze the following data scenario: A transition metal oxide shows color change from blue to green upon heating. Explain what this indicates about the metal’s properties.

Answer: The color change indicates a change in the oxidation state of the transition metal, which demonstrates their ability to undergo oxidation-reduction reactions and exhibit variable oxidation states.

Question 9: Explain how the ability of transition metals to form colored compounds is useful in industry or technology.

Answer: Colored compounds of transition metals are used in dyes, pigments, and sensors. For example, their vibrant colors are utilized in manufacturing paints and in detecting metal ions in biological and environmental testing.

Question 10: Discuss why transition metals are good conductors of heat and electricity, relating this to their atomic structure.

Answer: Transition metals have free-moving d-electrons that enable the easy transfer of heat and electrical charge throughout the metal, making them good conductors.

Question 11: Identify a real-world application where the properties of transition metals are crucial for the function of a device or process.

Answer: Transition metals like iron are essential in constructing strong steel structures used in buildings and bridges due to their durability and strength.