Question 1: Define the term 'finishing' in the context of manufacturing and product design.

Answer: Finishing refers to the processes applied to a product's surface to improve appearance, durability, or functionality after the main manufacturing process.

Question 2: List three common finishing techniques used in the finishing stage of a product.

Answer: Sanding, polishing, and coating (such as painting or varnishing).

Question 3: Describe the purpose of sanding in the finishing process. What effect does it have on the product?

Answer: Sanding smooths the surface by removing imperfections and rough edges, resulting in a finer finish and preparing the surface for additional coatings.

Question 4: Sketch a simple diagram showing a cross-section of a wooden product that has been painted and polished. Label the different layers or finishes shown.

Answer: A cross-section with layers labeled as: base material (wood), primer or undercoat, paint layer, and a clear varnish or polish on top.

Question 5: Explain what a lacquer finish is and identify one advantage and one disadvantage of using lacquer on a product.

Answer: Lacquer is a fast-drying, hard finish applied as a liquid that forms a protective coating. Advantage: Provides a glossy, durable surface. Disadvantage: Can be difficult to apply evenly and may emit strong fumes.

Question 6: Design a plan (list the steps) for finishing a metal product that involves cleaning, polishing, and coating.

Answer: Step 1: Clean the metal surface thoroughly to remove dirt and grease. Step 2: Use abrasive materials or polishing compounds to create a smooth, shiny finish. Step 3: Apply a protective coating such as paint, varnish, or sealant and allow it to dry.

Question 7: Sketch a design for a wooden box that incorporates a decorative varnish finish. Include labels for the main components of your design.

Answer: A sketch of a rectangular wooden box with a lid, showing the surface finished with a decorative varnish. Labels should include: wooden surface, varnish layer, and possibly a handle or latch.

Question 8: What safety precautions should be taken when applying spray paints or varnishes during the finishing process?

Answer: Work in a well-ventilated area, wear protective masks and gloves, avoid open flames, and follow manufacturer instructions for safe use.

Question 9: Identify two environmental considerations related to finishing processes and suggest how these could be mitigated.

Answer: Environmental considerations include the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and waste disposal. Mitigation strategies include using eco-friendly finishes, proper disposal of waste materials, and working in well-ventilated areas.

Question 10: Explain why it is important to allow finishes such as paint or varnish to dry completely before handling the product.

Answer: Drying ensures the finish hardens properly, preventing smudges, scratches, or damage to the surface, and ensures the durability and appearance of the product.