Question 1: Define the term 'polymer' and explain how it is formed.

Answer: A polymer is a large molecule composed of many repeated subunits called monomers. It is formed through a chemical process called polymerisation, where monomers chemically bond to form long chains.

Question 2: Identify and describe two common types of polymers used in everyday products. Include whether they are thermoplastic or thermosetting.

Answer: Polyethylene is a common thermoplastic polymer used in plastic bags and bottles, known for its flexibility and durability. Epoxy resin is a thermosetting polymer used in adhesives and coatings, which hardens permanently and does not melt upon heating.

Question 3: Explain two advantages and two disadvantages of using polymers in product design.

Answer: Advantages include: (1) Polymers are lightweight, making products easier to handle and transport. (2) They can be easily moulded into complex shapes. Disadvantages include: (1) Some polymers are not environmentally friendly and can be difficult to recycle. (2) They may degrade over time when exposed to sunlight or chemicals.

Question 4: Describe a scenario where a polymer's properties make it unsuitable for a particular application. Provide a reason for your choice.

Answer: Using a thermosetting polymer like epoxy resin for a product that requires flexibility and repeated bending is unsuitable because epoxy is rigid and brittle once set, leading to cracking or breaking under stress.

Question 5: Design Brief: You need to create a reusable water bottle that is lightweight, durable, and environmentally friendly. List three key properties the polymer used should have and justify your choices.

Answer: The polymer should be lightweight to make the bottle easy to carry, durable to withstand daily use, and environmentally friendly (biodegradable or recyclable) to minimize environmental impact. These properties ensure the product is practical, long-lasting, and eco-conscious.

Question 6: Sketch a simple design for a container made from a polymer that is suitable for storing liquids. Label the main features of your design.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a container with a wide opening, a secure screw cap or lid, and a smooth, contoured body for easy grip. Labels should include 'body,' 'lid,' and 'mouth opening.' The design should suggest it is made from a transparent or semi-transparent polymer.

Question 7: Describe the process of recycling polymers and outline one challenge associated with recycling plastic polymers.

Answer: Recycling polymers involves collecting used plastics, cleaning, and then melting or reprocessing them into new products. A challenge is contamination, where mixed types of plastics or impurities can hinder the recycling process and reduce the quality of the recycled material.

Question 8: Propose a new product that could be made using biodegradable polymers. Include a brief explanation of why biodegradable polymers are suitable.

Answer: A biodegradable shopping bag would be suitable because it can break down naturally in the environment, reducing plastic waste. Biodegradable polymers are suitable as they decompose faster than traditional plastics, helping to lessen pollution.

Question 9: Identify a common household item made from a polymer and explain why that polymer was chosen for its properties.

Answer: A plastic storage container is commonly made from polypropylene because it is tough, resistant to chemicals, and can withstand temperatures, making it ideal for storing food and liquids.

Question 10: Draw a cross-sectional sketch of a plastic cup, showing the main features and indicating the type of polymer it might be made from.

Answer: A correct sketch will depict a cylindrical cup with a slightly flared top, a flat base, and possibly a lip for drinking. The label might indicate polypropylene or polyethylene as the material, emphasizing its lightweight and food-safe properties.