Question 1: Define the term 'sustainability' in the context of industry and manufacturing.

Answer: Sustainability in industry refers to designing and producing products in a way that minimizes environmental impact, conserves resources, and supports ecological balance for current and future generations.

Question 2: Identify three environmental issues caused by traditional manufacturing processes.

Answer: Air pollution from emissions, excessive waste generation, and high energy consumption.

Question 3: Explain how using recycled materials in product design helps improve sustainability.

Answer: Using recycled materials reduces the need for virgin resource extraction, decreases waste sent to landfill, and lowers energy consumption during production, thus minimizing environmental impact.

Question 4: Describe two benefits of designing products that are easy to repair rather than replace.

Answer: Repairable products extend their lifespan and reduce waste, and they lower the demand for new resources and manufacturing energy.

Question 5: Imagine you are designing a reusable shopping bag. Sketch a simple design for the bag, considering materials that are eco-friendly and durable. Label any key features.

Answer: A sketch showing a bag made from recycled or biodegradable fabric, with reinforced handles and a foldable design. Labels should include 'recycled fabric,' 'reinforced handles,' and 'foldable for storage.'

Question 6: Create a basic plan or outline for a product that uses renewable energy sources during its manufacturing process. Include key steps or features.

Answer: A plan that involves sourcing energy from solar panels or wind turbines during production, with steps including installation of renewable energy systems, designing for energy efficiency, and optimizing production schedules to maximize renewable energy use.

Question 7: Discuss why designing for disassembly is important for sustainability. Provide two reasons.

Answer: It allows for easier recycling of materials at the end of the product’s life and facilitates repairs or upgrades, extending the product’s usability and reducing waste.

Question 8: Sketch a concept for a packaging design that minimizes material use while protecting the product. Label key features and explain your choices.

Answer: A sketch of packaging with minimal material, possibly using biodegradable or recyclable cardboard, with features like minimal layers, perforations for easy opening, and cushioning made from recycled paper or air pockets. Labels should include 'minimal material,' 'biodegradable,' and 'recyclable.'

Question 9: Propose three ways a manufacturing company could reduce its carbon footprint.

Answer: Switching to renewable energy sources, improving energy efficiency in machinery, and reducing transportation distances by sourcing locally.

Question 10: Explain how life cycle assessment (LCA) can help improve the sustainability of a product.

Answer: LCA evaluates the environmental impact of a product from raw material extraction to disposal, helping designers identify stages where improvements can be made to reduce overall environmental impact.