Question 1: Explain the concept of sustainability in the context of industry and why it is important for modern manufacturing.

Answer: Sustainability in industry involves designing products and processes that minimise environmental harm, conserve resources, and reduce waste. It is important to ensure businesses operate responsibly, protect the environment, and meet future resource needs.

Question 2: Identify three sustainable materials that can be used in manufacturing products and briefly describe their environmental benefits.

Answer: Recycled aluminium – reduces energy consumption and raw material use; Bamboo – rapid growth, renewable, biodegradable; Reclaimed wood – uses waste material, reduces deforestation.

Question 3: Describe how life cycle assessment (LCA) can help a company improve the sustainability of its products.

Answer: LCA evaluates a product’s environmental impact throughout its entire life—from raw material extraction to disposal—helping companies identify areas where they can reduce energy use, waste, and emissions.

Question 4: Design a simple plan for a product that can be easily disassembled for recycling or reuse. Include key features in your plan.

Answer: The plan should include modular components that can be separated easily, use of recyclable materials, minimal fasteners, and clear labeling to guide disassembly. For example, a lamp with detachable parts made from recyclable plastics and metals.

Question 5: Sketch a concept for an eco-friendly packaging solution for a new electronic gadget. Your sketch should include the shape, material ideas, and how it can be reused or recycled.

Answer: A sketch showing a flat, foldable packaging made from biodegradable cardboard with minimal plastic. The design should include features such as reusability as storage or secondary container, and clear markings indicating recyclability.

Question 6: Discuss two ways in which companies can reduce energy consumption during the manufacturing process.

Answer: Implement energy-efficient machinery and lighting; optimise production schedules to reduce idle times and energy wastage.

Question 7: Sketch a sustainable product that uses renewable energy sources. Label the key features that demonstrate its renewable aspect.

Answer: A sketch of a small home appliance powered by solar panels, with labels indicating solar panels, energy storage batteries, and low-energy components.

Question 8: Evaluate the potential challenges a manufacturing company might face when trying to adopt sustainable practices.

Answer: Challenges include higher initial costs, resistance to change within the company, limited availability of sustainable materials, and possible impacts on product performance or aesthetics.