Question 1: Define the term 'sustainability' in the context of manufacturing and industry.

Answer: Sustainability in manufacturing refers to designing and producing products in ways that minimize environmental impact, conserve resources, and ensure social and economic viability for future generations.

Question 2: Identify three environmental issues that are commonly associated with traditional manufacturing processes.

Answer: Three common issues are pollution (air and water), excessive waste generation, and high energy consumption.

Question 3: Describe how using recycled materials in product design can contribute to sustainability.

Answer: Using recycled materials reduces the need for virgin resources, decreases waste sent to landfill, saves energy compared to processing raw materials, and lowers environmental impact.

Question 4: Sketch a simple design for a reusable shopping bag that could replace single-use plastic bags. Label key features that make it environmentally friendly.

Answer: A flat, durable bag made from recycled fabric or plastic, with handles for carrying, designed to be foldable and washable. Labels should highlight features such as 'recycled materials,' 'durability,' and 'reusability.'

Question 5: Propose two ways a factory can reduce its energy consumption to promote sustainability.

Answer: Installing energy-efficient lighting and machinery, and implementing regular maintenance to ensure equipment runs efficiently.

Question 6: Explain what is meant by 'life cycle assessment' (LCA) and how it relates to sustainable industry practices.

Answer: LCA is a method used to evaluate the environmental impact of a product throughout its entire life, from raw material extraction to disposal. It helps industries identify ways to reduce their environmental footprint.

Question 7: Draw a plan for a small-scale manufacturing process that incorporates sustainable practices. Include at least three steps or features that improve sustainability.

Answer: A process diagram showing raw material sourcing from recycled sources, energy-efficient machinery, and waste recycling systems. Label each step with a sustainability feature.

Question 8: Design a label for a product that emphasizes its sustainability credentials. Include key symbols or words that communicate eco-friendliness.

Answer: A label featuring symbols like a recycling icon or a green leaf, with words such as 'Eco-friendly,' 'Recycled Material,' or 'Low Carbon Footprint.'

Question 9: Identify and explain two challenges that industries face when trying to implement sustainable practices.

Answer: Challenges include the initial higher costs of sustainable materials and technologies, and potential resistance to change within established manufacturing processes.

Question 10: Suggest a product that could be redesigned to be more sustainable. Briefly describe the redesign concept.

Answer: A water bottle redesigned with biodegradable materials and a cap made from recycled plastics, making it easier to recycle and reducing plastic waste.