Question 1: Define 'batch production' and explain how it differs from 'mass production'.

Answer: Batch production involves manufacturing a set quantity of products in groups or batches, with each batch undergoing the same process. Mass production produces large quantities of identical products continuously, often with automated machinery. The key difference is the scale and flexibility; batch production is more adaptable for smaller quantities.

Question 2: List two advantages and two disadvantages of one-off or bespoke production.

Answer: Advantages: (1) Customization to customer specifications, (2) Higher quality control. Disadvantages: (1) Higher costs per unit, (2) Longer production time.

Question 3: Describe a scenario where batch production would be the most suitable method. Include the type of product and industry context.

Answer: Batch production is suitable for producing a limited run of customized furniture pieces in a carpentry workshop, where each batch may have slight variations in design or materials, and production is done in groups rather than continuously.

Question 4: Sketch a simple layout plan for a small-scale batch production workshop. Label key areas such as raw material storage, processing, assembly, and finishing.

Answer: A clear sketch should show a logical flow from raw material storage to processing area, then assembly, and finally finishing/packaging. The layout should be compact, with designated zones for each stage, and pathways for movement.

Question 5: Design a brief for a new product that would be best produced using mass production. Include the product description and target market.

Answer: A suitable brief could be: 'Design a range of plastic water bottles intended for outdoor sports enthusiasts, targeting the mass market through retail stores.' The product should be simple to manufacture in high volumes, durable, and lightweight.

Question 6: Explain two reasons why large-scale mass production can be more cost-effective than bespoke production.

Answer: 1) Economies of scale reduce the cost per unit as production volume increases. 2) Automation and standardized processes minimize labour costs and waste.

Question 7: Identify three types of industries that commonly use batch production and give an example product for each.

Answer: Food industry (bakeries producing bread in batches), clothing industry (producing seasonal clothing lines), and electronics (assembling a batch of smartphones).

Question 8: Create a detailed design brief for a bespoke product intended for a specific customer. Include customer requirements and constraints.

Answer: Design a custom-made wooden dining table for a client who requires a large, extendable table with a modern aesthetic, within a budget of £2,000, to fit a specific space in their home.

Question 9: Discuss the environmental impacts of mass production and suggest one way to reduce its negative effects.

Answer: Mass production can lead to increased waste, energy consumption, and pollution. To reduce negative impacts, manufacturers can implement recycling programs and use sustainable materials.

Question 10: Compare the quality control challenges faced in one-off production versus mass production.

Answer: In one-off production, quality control is easier as each product can be inspected individually. In mass production, maintaining consistent quality across thousands of units is challenging, requiring automated inspections and strict process controls.