Question 1: Define an electronic system and explain its purpose in everyday products.

Answer: An electronic system is a combination of components such as sensors, controllers, and actuators that work together to perform a specific function. Its purpose is to automate or control processes in devices like appliances, vehicles, or gadgets.

Question 2: List three common components found in a basic electronic circuit and briefly describe their functions.

Answer: 1. Power supply (provides electrical energy), 2. Switch (controls the flow of current), 3. Resistor (limits current flow and protects components).

Question 3: Describe how a simple circuit containing a battery, a switch, and a light bulb works when the switch is closed.

Answer: When the switch is closed, it completes the circuit, allowing current to flow from the battery through the light bulb, causing it to light up. Opening the switch breaks the circuit and turns the bulb off.

Question 4: Design Brief: You need to create an electronic alarm system that activates when a door is opened. Outline the key components you would include and their roles.

Answer: Key components include a door sensor (detects opening), a microcontroller (processes signals), a power supply, and a buzzer or siren (alerts). The sensor sends a signal to the microcontroller when the door opens, which then activates the alarm.

Question 5: Sketch a simple flowchart for a system that turns on a fan when the temperature exceeds a certain level. Label each step clearly.

Answer: A flowchart starting with 'Measure temperature', then 'Is temperature > set point?', with 'Yes' leading to 'Turn on fan' and 'No' leading to 'Keep fan off'.

Question 6: Draw a diagram of a basic electronic control system for a garden watering system that uses soil moisture levels to activate a water pump.

Answer: The diagram should include: soil moisture sensor, microcontroller, relay switch, water pump, and power supply connected in a logical sequence. The sensor feeds data to the microcontroller, which activates the relay to turn on the pump when moisture is low.

Question 7: Identify and explain two safety considerations when designing electronic systems for consumer use.

Answer: 1. Proper insulation to prevent electric shocks. 2. Overcurrent protection, such as fuses or circuit breakers, to prevent overheating and fires.

Question 8: Propose a design for an electronic control system that could be used in a smart lighting system for a classroom. Include a basic sketch outline in your answer.

Answer: The design should include a light sensor to detect ambient light, a microcontroller to process data, and a relay or transistor to control the lights. The sketch should show the sensor connected to the microcontroller, which then activates the lighting system based on detected light levels.

Question 9: Explain the difference between a programmed microcontroller and a passive electronic component. Provide examples of each.

Answer: A programmed microcontroller can be given instructions to perform tasks, such as an Arduino or PIC microcontroller. A passive component, like a resistor or capacitor, does not require power to perform its function and does not process information.

Question 10: Design a simple control panel layout for an electronic system that manages a home heating system. Sketch the layout and label key controls.

Answer: The layout should include buttons or switches for temperature settings, a display screen, and indicator lights. The sketch should show these elements arranged clearly, with labels such as 'Increase Temp', 'Decrease Temp', 'On/Off', and 'Temperature Display'.